语言与文化自考2010年01月真题及答案解析

How are swear words used in English and Chinese? What cross-cultural contrasts can one find underlying them?

What cross-cultural contrast can you find between English and Chinese telephone calls?

Since he became manager, the company has been running in the black.

Dr. Thomas Green requests the pleasure of your company at luncheon.

A small leak will sink a great ship.

白菜

—非常感谢您为我所做的一切。

—这是我应尽的职责。

How could one interpret the verbal and nonverbal messages in the following sentence? A boy told his mother in a whispering voice that it was not he who broke the vase, but did not dare to look at his mother in her eyes.

人不犯我，我不犯人。

What is the most salient feature of the headline in English newspaper?

What is intercultural communication?

How would you explain the fact that “black tea” and its equivalent in Chinese “红茶” are formed differently?

American English differs from British English mainly in pronunciation and ______.

______, the way in which one holds oneself, call also convey communicative messages.

It has been claimed that English texts develop in a _____ fashion, while Chinese ones develop in a spiral way.

Anything which is prohibited by religion, tradition or social usage is a taboo. There are behaviour and______ taboos.

In English ______ is usually associated with jealousy and envy.

English surnames may be preceded by a ______, like Mr., Mrs., President, Doctor, etc.

English speakers are direct people who tend to locate central meaning before ______ meaning.

“A big ______ in a small pond” is used to talk about somebody whose importance and influence are great only in a restricted situation or small community.

As a mirror of culture, ______ is strongly influenced and shaped by culture.

Reflected meaning is communicated when one ______ of a word forms part of our response to another sense of the word.

The sentences in a text may be linked by ______ means.

• A.grammatical
• B.logical
• C.lexical
• D.meaningful

The English equivalent for “单程票” is ______.

• A.one-way ticket
• B.one-trip ticket
• C.single ticket
• D.round-trip ticket

Chewing one’s finger nails signifies ______.

• A.relaxation
• B.emotional stress
• C.worry
• D.not knowing what to do

______ is a proverb related to individualism.

• A.Do not wear out your welcome
• B.Even reckoning makes long friends
• C.Wives are bills of charges
• D.From saving comes having

Which of the following is the example of discrimination against women or sexist language?

• A.chairman
• B.chairperson
• C.the human race
• D.mankind

In English blue is usually associated with ______ .

• A.unhappy feelings
• B.manual work
• C.envy and jealousy
• D.explicit reference to sexual acts

Which of the following statements may be true?

• A.Branching and linear sentence patterns result from thinking patterns.
• B.Branching sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.
• C.Linear sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.
• D.Branching and linear sentence patterns can be related to emotional factors.

In English culture “red” is often associated with ______.

• A.celebrations
• B.good fortune
• C.communism
• D.cool mind

When receiving a gift, English speakers may say“______”.

• A.How much is it
• B.It is really very nice
• C.It is really what I want
• D.Shall I pay for it

In Chinese culture, touching or pointing to one's own nose with raised forefinger signifies ______.

• A.It's me
• B.irritation
• C.impatience
• D.frustration

Culture in its technical sense is ______.

• A.human specific
• B.a social phenomenon
• C.a national phenomenon
• D.a historical phenomenon

In American English, in which word is the letter “a” pronounced as [?]?

• A.pass
• B.park
• C.cake
• D.about

What nonverbal message does waving good-bye convey?

• A.Accenting
• B.Complementing
• C.Repeating
• D.Substituting

“7 days without 7-up make one weak.” In this advertisement, one can find the tactful use of ______.

• A.homophones
• B.figure of speech
• C.repetition
• D.several adjectives

There are ______ in English, too. For example, majesty, honourable and excellency are such terms.

• A.honourifics
• B.euphemisms
• C.taboos
• D.terms of humility

“I'd love to join in. Only I don’t know how to play. ”

The logical relationship between the above sentences is ______.

• A.additive
• B.adversative
• C.causal
• D.temporal

“We were having dinner when the door bell rang. ”

The above sentence is connected ______.

• A.hypotactically
• B.paratactially
• C.in a parallel way
• D.unreasonably

Pink-collar employees are employees in occupations traditionally held by ______.

• A.women
• B.men
• C.old people
• D.young people

“To go to a better world” is a euphemistic expression for ______.

• A.“to go for a trip”
• B.“to sleep”
• C.“to die”
• D.“to have sex”

A ______ is a direct comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by “like” or “as”.

• A.proverb
• B.euphemism
• C.metaphor
• D.simile

“Look forward to” corresponds in meaning to ______.

• A.look ahead
• B.expect
• C.look into
• D.examine

“______” is NOT an appropriate reply to a compliment.

• A.Never mind
• B.Thank you
• C.Do you really think so
• D.I wish it could be true

“______.” is used to talk about something that is inoffensive but feeble or colourless.

• A.A male chauvinist
• B.A big fish
• C.Milk and water
• D.A nine to five job

______ is NOT often used as a vocative among English speakers.

• A.Grandfather
• B.Father
• C.Mother
• D.Mother-in-law

Which of the following sentences demonstrates hypotactic relation?

• A.Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast.
• B.I think he is right.
• C.I told him exactly when I would leave for Paris.
• D.He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc.

“Propaganda” connotes ______, so it is a pejorative term in English.

• A.giving publicity to something
• B.exchanging useful knowledge
• C.spreading biased information
• D.motivating people to do something

Which of the following words contains a derivational morpheme?

• A.nicer
• B.maps
• C.precede
• D.worked

“Dog” and “狗”convey the ______ meaning, but their connotations are quite different in English and Chinese cultures.

• A.identical conceptual
• B.same affective
• C.related thematic
• D.parallel reflective

Language, culture, and thought ______, each influencing and shaping the other two.

• A.alternate
• B.change
• C.interact
• D.substitute

Language is ______.

• A.the product of the human brain
• B.rule governed
• C.independent of culture
• D.the result of social institutions