语言与文化自考2009年01月真题及答案解析

What are honourifics? And what are the cross-cultural differences between English and Chinese honourifics?

Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth’s sake, and that is “as far as possible do not harm.”

Discuss the cross-cultural differences between English and Chinese thanks.

It is very cold here in winter.

Glorious Revolution is the term given to the overthrow (1688-1689) of James II and the proclamation of William III and Mary II as the joint sovereigns.

这是秃子头上的虱子，明摆着：他恋爱了。

Homer sometimes nods.

牛皮纸

How is the allusion “an Oliver Twist” used in English?

Why is it said that English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese is a language with implicit grammar?

Why are both “你” and “您” equivalent to “you” in English?

In English speaking countries, what does “crossing one’s finger” mean?

“His life contained a lot of sorrow” illustrates the metaphor that “Life is a ______.”

Questions like“Are you married or single?”,“What’s your religion?”,are inappropriate because they are related to______, an important part of individualistic culture.

Nonverbal communication is communication without______.

In American English, the letters “er” in the word “clerk” are pronounced as______.

______that alludes to a woman of breathtaking beauty is derived from one of the Shakespeare’s plays.

Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of______.

In informal situations English speakers tend to address others by using their______ names.

Language is the carrier and ______of culture.

Each language represents a ______of meaning that is different from any other such systems.

English speakers are direct people who tend to locate ______meaning before peripheral meaning.

The metaphor that “Ideas are food” can be illustrated by _____.

• A.“This is the meaty part of the paper”
• B.“His ideas will live on forever”
• C.“I just can’t swallow that claim”
• D.“Let me stew over that for a while”

“To keep one’s own company” means everything below BUT “____”.

• A.to do one’s own business
• B.to have friends around
• C.to be not mixed with others
• D.to care for only one’s own company

In English culture _____are normally a taboo topics.

• A.age and income
• B.clothes and artifacts
• C.political beliefs
• D.religious beliefs

The English equivalent for “运动鞋” is ______.

• A.sneakers
• B.snakes
• C.gym shoes
• D.leather shoes

In a normal text sentences are connected ______.

• A.hypotactically
• B.paratactially
• C.in a parallel way
• D.unreasonably

“Wagging one’s forefinger” is used to______.

• A.warn others not to do something
• B.greet others
• C.arouse others’ interest
• D.indicate what others are doing is wrong

Which of the following statements are true to the nature of grammatical morpheme?

• A.There are more grammatical morphemes in Chinese than in English.
• B.English has been losing its grammatical morpheme and becoming more and more similar to Chinese.
• C.Grammatical subjects and objects occur more frequently in English than in Chinese.
• D.In English, if the context makes clear what the subjects and objects are, they do not have to occur.

When English speakers accept an invitation, they may reply with“______”.

• A.That’s very kind of you. Thank you.
• B.That would be very nice. Thank you.
• C.Thank you very much. I’ll try to come.
• D.I’ll go if I am free.

Conceptual meaning refers to ______content.

• A.cognitive
• B.stylistic
• C.associative
• D.logical

Language is ______.

• A.an instrument used in the communication of thought
• B.the function of the human brain
• C.closely related to thinking
• D.nonverbal from the very beginning

“Human resources development”, as a euphemism, may simply mean ______ .

• A.unemployment
• B.population growth
• C.a good market
• D.the aging process

______is often used as a title for the children of certain British noblemen and for various government officials.

• A.Excellency
• B.Honourable
• C.Majesty
• D.Royal

A market using underhand but not strictly illegal methods for selling scarce goods at high prices is often referred to as______.

• A.a black market
• B.a blue market
• C.a purple market
• D.a grey market

______alludes to an idealistic and impractical person.

• A.Romeo
• B.Don Quixote
• C.Don Juan
• D.Cinderella

______is synonymous to “to keep out of trouble.”

• A.“To mind one’s p’s and q’s”
• B.“To keep one’s nose clean”
• C.“To keep a straight face”
• D.“To ride on one’s high horse”

“Aaron’s rod” is derived from ______.

• A.Roman mythology
• B.sports
• C.the Bible
• D.English poetry

What nonverbal message does waving good-bye convey?

• A.Accenting
• B.Complementing
• C.Repeating
• D.Substituting

Nonverbal communication conveys ______.

• A.feeling
• B.meaning
• C.action
• D.anger

The Chinese meaning of “Mercury” is ______.

• A.水星
• B.金星
• C.火星
• D.木星

The weather cleared just as the party approached the summit. Until then they had seen nothing of the panorama around them.The logical relationship between the above sentences is______.

• A.additive
• B.adversative
• C.causal
• D.temporal

The equivalent American English expression for “私立学校” is______.

• A.publish school
• B.private school
• C.primary school
• D.high school

When people shake hands, ______.

• A.both men and women usually take off their gloves before they shake hands
• B.men usually take off gloves before they shake hands
• C.neither men nor women take off gloves
• D.men extend their hands first

Which statement is the best response to use when an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness?

• A.Oh, I wish it could be true.
• B.Do you really think so?
• C.Oh, you are too polite.
• D.No, I don’t think so.

The bus stopped. He got off the bus.

The above sentences are related ______.

• A.hypotactically
• B.paratactially
• C.in a parallel way
• D.unreasonably

“他住在美国马萨诸塞州剑桥神德街2号”can be translated into ______.

• A.He lives at Divinity Avenue 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
• B.He lives at Divinity Avenue 2 in Cambridge of Massachusetts, U.S.A.
• C.He lives at 2 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
• D.He lives in U.S.A., Massachusetts, Cambridge, 2 Divinity Avenue.

English is often said to be grammatically ______because English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the grammatical relations between linguistic elements.

• A.paratactic
• B.hypotactic
• C.explicit
• D.implicit

A hot, freshly cooked sausage sandwiched in a split roll of bread is called ______.

• A.hamburger
• B.sandwich
• C.hot dog
• D.pudding

“A Chauvinist pig” refers to a person who believes that women are ______.

• A.inferior
• B.sociable
• C.frail
• D.prone to tears

It is suggested that most emotional information is conveyed by ______rather than language per se.

• A.silent language
• B.verbal interaction
• C.body language
• D.attitudinal communication

There is no ______ relationship between words and their meanings.

• A.optional
• B.arbitrary
• C.sensible
• D.logical