英语科技文选自考2016年10月真题及答案解析

  Fat can indeed act as a shock absorber in violent collision. A 2003 study of car-crash victims found that those with more fat were less likely to suffer abdominal injuries. But the fat-as-airbag principle only goes so far. When a driver is flung forward, the heavier his or her body, the greater the force required to stop it.

  The pelvis is the primary load-bearing structure for scat-belt safety, Kent, an American scientist, says. But with big stomachs, seat belts slide up and off the lap. Since a restraint works best once it engages with a dead body, any time it spends pressing into soft tissue will delay that protective effect.

   To observe this, Kent defrosted eight dead bodies and belted them into car seats for a 30mph crash. High-speed video showed that the obese bodies flew off their seats pelvis-and lower-chest first. Smaller subjects’ hips stayed in place as their heads and the main body thrown against the upper strap. That may help explain the pattern of injuries typically seen in obese crash victims—more damage to the legs, less to the head, and a greater likelihood of death.

My View on Smartphone

  Computer vision is the science and technology of machines that see. As a scientific discipline, computer vision is concerned (31)the theory and technology for building artificial systems that obtain information from images(32)multi-dimensional data. A significant part of (33) intelligence deals with planning or deliberation for system which can perform (34)actions such as moving a robot (35) some environment. This type of processing typically needs input data provided (36) a computer vision system, (37) as a vision sensor and (38)high-level information about the environment and the robot. Other parts which sometimes are described as(39) to artificial intelligence and which are used in relation to computer vision are pattern (40) and learning techniques.

In the adult study, a series of factors were significantly associated with the perception of car fumes or dust/soot. Annoyance due to noise exposure and rated impairment of life quality showed the stronger association in the logistic models. But odor and noise sensitivity also had a significant impact on the ratings.

take... for

grantedstand for

end up

be bound up with

press on

1、他们最终还是乘出租车去了那儿。

2、我认为修建新公路是理所当然的。

3、教师不应把自己的观点强加于学生。

4、UNESCO代表联合国教科文组织。

5、世界的未来与科学技术的发展密切相关。

She dances well, and_______, she sings beautifully.

Before deciding what to do, we must______all the difficulties.

China______India in the southwest.

Professor, could you please______the positive and negative data?

The shop assistant said these were the clothes we could_______.

Several people applied for this casual job, and we just picked one______.

She had very little_______with her brother.

Ability to think will______you from years of study.

She said her daughter had never_______the bad influence of Western culture.

Scientists believe that they can______the bright future of the world.

If you are_______them, you feel affection for them.

contaminate 污染(名词)

harmony 和谐的

Only a small number of the mentally ill_______to beat themselves or others.

organic 无机的

sphere 半球

plant 移植

coincide 巧合

permanent 不变性

The author gives synonyms for which of the following words?

According to the passage, the purpose of the reproducibility project is most likely_______.

instinct 本能地

What can be said about the reproducibility project?

(B)

  The email that arrived in Richard Young’s inbox in October 2013 was polite but firm. The writer was part of a group of researchers who “are conducting a study to investigate the reproducibility of recent research findings in cancer biology.” A paper that Young had published in Cell in 2012 on how a protein called c-Myc spurs tumor growth was among 50 high-impact papers chosen for scrutiny by the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology. The group might need help with materials and advice on experimental design, the message said. Young wrote back that a European lab had already published a replication of his study. No matter, the project’s representative replied, they still wanted to repeat it. But they needed more information about the protocol. After weeks of emails back and forth and scrambling by graduate students and postdocs to spell out procedures in intricate detail, the group clarified that they did not want to replicate the 30 or so experiments in the Cell paper, but just four described in a single key figure.

    This past January, the cancer reproducibility project published its protocol for replicating the experiments, and the waiting began for Young to see whether his work will hold up in their hands. He says that if the project does match his results, it will be unsurprising—the paper’s findings have already been reproduced. If it doesn’t, a lack of expertise in the replicating lab may be responsible. Either way, the project seems a waste of time, Young says. “I am a huge fan of reproducibility. But this mechanism is not the way to test it.”

    That is a typical reaction from investigators whose work is being scrutinized by the cancer reproducibility project, an ambitious, open-science effort to test whether key findings in Science, Nature, Cell, and other top journals can be reproduced by independent labs. Almost every scientist targeted by the project who spoke with Science agrees that studies in cancer biology, as in many other fields, too often turn out to be irreproducible, for reasons such as problematic reagents and the fickleness of biological systems. But few feel comfortable with this particular effort, which plans to announce its findings in coming months. Their reactions range from annoyance to anxiety to outrage. Cancer geneticist Todd Golub of the Broad Institute in Cambridge has a paper on the group’s list. But he is “concerned about a single group using scientists without deep expertise to reproduce decades of complicated, nuanced experiments.”

     Golub and others worry that if the cancer reproducibility project announces that many of the 50 studies failed its test, individual reputations will be damaged and public support for biomedical research undermined. “I really hope that these people are aware of how much responsibility they have,'' says cancer biologist Lars Zender of the University of Tübingen in Germany. Timothy Errington, the reproducibility effort’s manager at the nonprofit Center for Open Science in Charlottesville. Virginia, knows the scrutiny has unsettled the community. But, he says, the project is working hard to make sure that the labs have all the details they need to match the original studies. The effort will ultimately benefit the field, he says, by gauging the extent of the reproducibility problem in cancer biology.

What is the passage primarily about?

The phrase “hold up” in line 2, paragraph 3, is closest in meaning to______.

According to the passage, all of the following are true about the ReEBOV testEXCEPT______.

It can be inferred from the passage that______.

The word “quarantined” in line 6, paragraph 2, can be replaced by_______.

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of PCR-based tests?

(A)