英语科技文选自考2009年07月真题及答案解析

       More accurate navigational aids such as gyroscopes, next-generation sensors including magnetic and gravitational sensors and clocks will all get a boost from the research from the latest physics Nobel Prize winners, who have been supported for years by the Office of Naval Research.

      Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman and Wolfgang Ketterle were honored for their creation of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) in gases of atomic rubidium and sodium. Their scientific advances built on the work of Albert Einstein who did the math to show that when cooled, particles called bosons would stop flitting around and settle into a shared low-energy state. The researchers demonstrated this, showing that when cooled thousands and even millions of bosons will act coherently as one, allowing scientists to manipulate the “super-size boson.”

     Cornell and Wieman, physicists working at the University of Colorado at Boulder used a combination of optical and magnetic trapping techniques, combined with a final evaporation stage, to coerce about 2,000 cooled rubidium atoms into a BEC in 1995. Shortly there after, Ketterle, working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was able to create an even larger BEC cloud out of sodium atoms using a different technique. BEC allows scientists to create a large group of atoms to show off the wave nature of matter.

My View on Cyber Love

The passage supports which of the following conclusions?

The Surrealists made every effort ________.

According to the passage, Freud’s studies________.

The inventions of new materials and welding techniques________.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph?

(B)

     Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man’s work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see its vast sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.

     More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional messages of Expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.

     There is doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, though admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction; quite the contrary; it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly, to change, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.

It can be learned from the passage that artistic creations________.

According to this passage, the lowest temperature reported so far is________.

In the ultra-low temperature gas, atoms move ________.

The 2001 Nobel Prize in physics was attributed to ________.

attribute

customary

subject

reminiscent of

come into its own

31、你的讲述让我想起十年前的一次经历。

32、他们把动物作为实验对象。

33、直到20世纪中叶心理学才真正得到应有的重视。

34、星期六晚上外出就餐是我们家的习惯。

35、这幅未署名的画被误认为是张大千的作品。

Cyberspace, of course, is bigger than a telephone call. It encompasses the millions of personal computers connected by modems—via the telephone system—to commercial online services, as well as the millions more with high-speed links to local area networks, office Email systems and the Internet. It includes the rapidly expanding wireless services: microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular phone and data traffic;communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit;low-flying satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees, connecting folks too far-flung or too much on the go to be tethered by wires. Someday even our television sets may be part of cyberspace, transformed into interactive “teleputers” by so-called full-service networks like the ones several cable-TV companies (including Time Warner) are building along the old cable lines, using fiber optics and high-speed switches.

(A)

    MIT scientists have cooled a sodium gas to the lowest temperature ever recorded—only half-a-billionth of a degree above absolute zero.

   “To go below one nanokelvin is a little like running a mile under four minutes for the first time,” said Nobel laureate Wolfgang Ketterle, co-leader of the team.

   “Ultra-low temperature gases could lead to vast improvements in precision measurements by allowing better atomic clocks and sensors for gravity and rotation,” said David E. Pritchard, a pioneer in atom optics and atom interferometry and co-leader of the MIT group.

   The researchers also expect new phenomena to occur at such low temperatures involving, for example, how cold atoms interact with surfaces and how atoms move when they are confined to a narrow channel or layer. These gases form a remarkable state of matter called a quantum fluid, so studying their properties also provides new insights into the basic physics of matter.

massive               likely                         whether                   Galaxy                 long                hits        from                off                was                  Milky

The cloud, called Smith’s Cloud, after the astronomer who discovered it in 1963, contains enough hydrogen to make a million stars like the Sun. Eleven thousand light-years (21)and 2,500 light-years wide, it is only 8,000 light-years(22)our Galaxy’s disk. It is rushing toward our (23)at more than 150 miles per second, aimed to strike the Milky Way’s disk at an angle of about 45 degrees. "This is most (24)a gas cloud left over from the formation of the Milky Way or gas stripped from a neighbor galaxy. When it (25), it could set off a tremendous burst of star formation. Many of those stars will be very (26). Over a few million years, it’ll look like a celestial New Year’s celebration, with huge firecrackers going (27)in that region of the Galaxy,” Lockman said. When Smith’s Cloud(28) first discovered, and for decades after, the available images did not have enough detail to show(29)the cloud was part of the Milky Way, something being blown out of the (30)Way, or something falling in.

I need your help.________________ , I need her support.

It is hot in the day time, but________________it’s very cold at night.

His bad behavior__________________ his difficult childhood.

The lottery numbers are chosen_______________.

The first thing the secretary does is to sort out the_______________ documentsand letters on his desk.

The facts don’t______________your fears.

Isabelle placed a wine cup on the table__________________.

I’ve no idea where last Saturday’s newspaper is;_______________, it might havebeen thrown away.

Dependence on alcohol often________________ unhappiness in the home.

He asked his sister to look after his children________________ his death.

stem from                                  in addition                                           at random

pile of                                        in contrast                                            bump into

in the event of                           in all probability                                    bear out

within reach of/one’s reach       be associated with                        take one’s place

I_______________ an old friend of mine at the gas station.

The new work of his will_______________ among the most important paintings ofthis century.

different 区分

bewilder 迷惑不解(名词)

attractive 诱引剂

compare 可比的

alternance 可选择的

compass 包含

contrast 对比的

accelerate 加速装置