英语词汇学2018年4月真题试题及答案解析（00832）
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Illustrate the differences between synonyms by analyzing the following groups of synonyms.
(a) understand and comprehend
(b) answer and respond
(e) allow and let
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Explain the difference between full conversion and partial conversion by taking "valuables”and “the young" as examples.
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Explain how context clues are used in the sentence “In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou’westers, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through."
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Tell the difference between superordiates and subordinates, with the example words flower, lion, hammer, tool, animal and rose.
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Turn the phrasal verbs below into noun compounds:
1) fall down
2) sit in
3) cry out
4) hang over
5) bring up .
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Through which three channels does modem English vocabulary develop?
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true idioms
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elevation
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conceptual meaning
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morpheme
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terminology
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Linguistic context includes_____context, where the meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighboring words.
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The semantic_____of idioms is reflected in the illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom, as is shown in rain cats and dogs, which means "rain heavily".
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If one wants to know whether a pair or mathematics takes a singular or plural verb, a_____dictionary is likely to supply the best answer.
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Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and_____.
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Words like bank meaning both the edge of the river and an establishment for money business are called_____.
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The morphemes which are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word are known as__.
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According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses___ and suffixation.
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In word meaning, the relationship between language and the word is_____ , by means of which, a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about.
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Middle English retained much fewer inflections If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of_____endings.
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The following are the features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English New Edition (1987)EXCEPT__.
- A.usage notes
- B.language notes
- C.extra column
- D.clear grammar codes
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By notion, words can be grouped into content words and ___words.
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The dictionary where the headword or entries are defined and illustrated in the same language is _____.
- A.monolingual dictionaries
- B.bilingual dictionaries
- C.linguistic dictionaries
- D.encyclopedic dictionaries
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The figure of speech used in the idiom a dark horse is __.
- A.simile
- B.metaphor
- C.personification
- D.synecdoche
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The main body of a dictionary is its_____of words.
- A.spelling
- B.pronunciation
- C.definition
- D.grammar
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Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?
- A.The constituents of idioms can be replaced.
- B.The word order cannot be inverted or changed.
- C.Many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.
- D.The constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to,
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Which of the following is an idiom verbal in nature?
- A.cut and dried
- B.fly in the ointment
- C.call it a day
- D.in clover
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Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the of a new word。
- A.meaning
- B.usage
- C.part of speech
- D.implication
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That the word paper means differently in "a sheet of paper", "a white paper" and "a term paper" shows that______context affects the meaning of words.
- A.extra-linguistic
- B.grammatical
- C.semantic
- D.lexical
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Fortuitous formerly denoted "happening by chance" and later took on the meaning "fortunate". Such change of word-meaning is caused by ______。
- A.the influx of borrowings
- B.psychological factors
- C.historical reason
- D.analogy
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Without ______ , there is no way to determine the very sense of a word that the speaker intended to convey.
- A.meaning
- B.context
- C.clues
- D.culture
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Which of the following is NOT the extra linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?
- A.Class reason
- B.Historical reason.
- C.Political reason
- D.Psychological reason
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Word- meaning changes by modes of the following EXCEPT___.
- A.extension
- B.expansion
- C.degradation
- D.elevation
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Which of the following is the primary meaning of the word face?
- A.A surface of a thing
- B.The front of the head.
- C.The appearance.
- D.The topography.
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Which of the following deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion?
- A.Synonymy.
- B.Antonymy.
- C.Polysemy.
- D.Hyponymy.
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Words are arbitrary symbols and independent identities so far as their______are concerned,
- A.spelling and meaning
- B.pronunciation and use
- C.spelling and pronunciation
- D.meaning and collocation
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Such synonymous pairs as die -pass away, quarrel- -argue are examples to show that______.
- A.one can talk of the same concept in different languages
- B.each pair has the same concept but collocates with different words
- C.every word that has meaning has sense, but not every word has reference
- D.each pair has the same concept but different socio-cultural and stylistic values
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___ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.
- A.Reference
- B.Motivation
- C.Sense
- D.Concept
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Which of the following words is NOT morphological motivated?
- A.animal
- B.hopeless
- C.reading-lamp
- D.greenhorn
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Which of the following words is the result from blending?
- A.smog
- B.dorm
- C.quake
- D.crybaby
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Which of the following words has a negative prefix?
- A.amoral
- B.devalue
- C.misconduct
- D.antiwar
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The formation of new words by joining two or more stems is called______.
- A.compounding
- B.prefixation
- C.conversion
- D.blending
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The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function are ______.
- A.allomorphs
- B.affixes
- C.roots
- D.stems
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Which of the following words is NOT a stem?
- A.international
- B.nation
- C.national
- D.internationalists
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Monomorphemic words are realized by single morphs such as______.
- A.boss
- B.cats
- C.feet
- D.trying
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Martial arts from the Far East find their way into English vocabulary such as aikido, kungfu and black belt. These are just a few new words, but they will suffice to show______.
- A.the invasion of foreign countries
- B.social, economic and political changes
- C.the influence of other cultures and languages
- D.the rapid development of modern science and technology
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In Old English period, the introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary. It brought many___ terms such as altar, amen and candle.
- A.scientific
- B.religious
- C.educational
- D.aesthetic
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Words like man, fire, sun have been in use for centuries. This shows the basic word stock has the characteristics of____.
- A.productivity
- B.polysemy
- C.collocability
- D.stability
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The Indo-European language is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and____.
- A.Asia
- B.Africa
- C.India
- D.the Far East
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Vocabulary can refer to the total number of the words in a language, and it can stand for all the words used______ e.g. Old English vocabulary, Middle English vocabulary and Modern English vocabulary
- A.in a given book
- B.in a given dialect
- C.by an individual person
- D.in a particular historical period
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Which of the following is NOT true about the definition of a word?
- A.A word is a sound unity.
- B.A word is a unit of meaning.
- C.A word is the smallest form of a language.
- D.A word is a form that can function alone in a sentence,