英语词汇学2015年10月真题试题及答案解析（00832）

Comment on the following piece of discourse in terms of superordinates and subordinates, so far as hyponymy is concerned."There was a fine rocking-chair that his father used to sit in, a desk where he wrote letters,a nest of small tables and a dark, imposing bookcase. Now all this furniture was to be sold, and with it his own past."

Take “The dog is chasing a cat” as an example to explain its grammatical meaning.

What does the underlined word mean and what contextual clue is used in the following sentence?"It is undesirable to write with too many (parentheses), a pair of brackets round words or phrases.”

What are the major sources of English synonyms?

Please explain the difference between the following two examples from the viewpoint of word formation.(1)single ( adjective) —>single (verb)(2)simple ( adjective) —>simplify (verb)

What is the difference between root and stem?

antonymy

idioms nominal in nature

extra-linguistic context

Bilingual dictionaries are written in____languages.

creation

clipping

Idioms consist of set phrases and short____, which are peculiar to the language in question and loaded with the native cultures and ideas.

The change of the meaning in the word “butcher”，which originally denoted “one who kills goats”，but has come to mean “one who kills animals” reflects____in the sense of word-meaning change.

Linguistic context can be subdivided into____context and grammatical context.

Tables, men and potatoes are all plural nouns, so we can say they have the same____meaning.

The development of word-meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses, traditionally known as____and concatenation.

Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic____and borrowing.

"A green hand" means an “inexperienced person”,not “a hand that is green in color”. This example illustrates that compounds are different from free phrases in____unity.

Most morphemes are realized by____morphs like bird, tree, green, etc.Words of this kind are called monomorphemic words.

Archaisms are words no longer____in use or obsolete in use.

When we choose a dictionary, we should pay attention to the following aspects EXCEPT____.

• A.unabridged or abridged
• B.British or American
• C.early or late
• D.monolingual or bilingual

Which of the following is NOT true about a Chines e-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995)?

• A.The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.
• B.The new edition revised some old entries.
• C.The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries,
• D.The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.

Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known____dictionary.

• A.unabridged
• B.desk
• C.pocket
• D.encyclopedic

“Through thick and thin” is a(n)____.

• A.verbal idiom in nature
• B.nominal idiom in nature
• C.sentence idiom
• D.adverbial idiom in nature

There is a____in the idiom “by hook and by crook” as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.

• A.simile
• B.reiteration
• C.repetition
• D.rhyme

Which of the following is NOT one of the major functions of context?

• A.Elimination of ambiguity.
• B.Indication of referents.
• C.Formation of ambiguity.
• D.Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.

Which of the following is NOT one of the variations of idioms?

• A.Repetition.
• B.Dismembering,
• C.Addition.
• D.Shortening.

The word “do” means “brush” in “do one’s teeth”，while it means “arrange” in “do the flowers”.The above example shows that____affects the meaning of a word.

• A.lexical context
• B.grammatical context
• C.non-linguistic context
• D.structural context

In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the____ in which it occurs.

• A.structure
• B.sentence
• C.phrase
• D.clause

The word “meat” originally meant “food”，but now has come to mean “flesh of animals”. This is an example to illustrate____of meaning.

• A.generalization
• B.narrowing
• C.degradation
• D.elevation

Words like “red, orange, yellow, green，black，etc.” make up the____of “colours”.

• A.synonyms
• B.hyponyms
• C.sense relations
• D.semantic field

Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and____.

• A.pronunciation
• B.content
• C.spelling
• D.use

The meaning of the word “criticize” has changed from “appraise” to “find fault with”. Such a change is called____.

• A.elevation
• B.generalization
• C.extension
• D.degradation

____meaning indicates the speaker's attitude towards the person or thing in questions.

• A.Conceptual
• B.Stylistic
• C.Affective
• D.Denotative

Words “change”，“alter” and “vary” are similar in denotation，but embrace different shades of meaning. They are____.

• A.absolute synonyms
• B.complete synonyms
• C.full synonyms
• D.relative synonyms

Words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning are____.

• A.homographs
• B.homophones
• C.perfect homonyms
• D.hyponyms

The meanings of many words often relate directly to their origins. In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word. This is called____.

• A.onomatopoeic motivation
• B.morphological motivation
• C.semantic motivation
• D.etymological motivation

a) They chucked a stone at the cops, and then did a bunk with the loot,b) After casting a stone at the police, they absconded with the money.The above two sentences have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in____meaning.

• A.connotative
• B.affective
• C.stylistic
• D.collocative

Which of the following words is NOT a noun compound?

• A.Moon walk.
• B.Ten-storey.
• C.Outbreak.
• D.Up-bringing.

Which of the following words is the example of blending?

• A.Motel.
• B.Sandwich.
• C.Flu.
• D.AIDS.

The word “sandwich” now denotes a popular fast food.It originates from John Montague, Fourth Earl of Sandwich in 18th century. This example shows one of the sources of English vocabulary is____.

• A.compound
• B.proper nouns
• C.back-formation
• D.conversion

Which of the following words is NOT a stem?

• A.Nation.
• B.National.
• C.International.
• D.Internationalists.

The word “idealistic” comprises____morpheme(s).

• A.1
• B.2
• C.3
• D.4

Which of the following words does NOT have inflectional affixes?

• A.Happier.
• B.Worker.
• C.Harder.
• D.Taller.

In the Western set,____is the modern language derived from Hellenic.

• A.Latin
• B.Greek
• C.Russian
• D.Spanish

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the English vocabulary?

• A.English is more closely related to German than French.
• B.Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.
• C.Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.
• D.In Early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.

From the historical overview of the English vocabulary, the period of Old English is____.

• A.from 55 B.C.to 410
• B.from 450 to 1150
• C.from 1150 to 1500
• D.from 1500, then up to now

Which of the following is NOT true about the description of the relationship between sound and meaning?

• A.There is intrinsic relationship between sound and meaning.
• B.The symbolic connection of a sound and its meaning is almost always arbitrary.
• C.The relationship between sound and meaning is conventional.
• D.In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.

Which of the following does NOT belong to the characteristics of the basic word stock?

• A.All national character.
• B.Productivity.
• C.Stability.
• D.Terminology.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

• A.Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency.
• B.Words may fall into content words and functional words by notion.
• C.Words may fall into loan-words and notional words by the degree of assimilation.
• D.Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by origin.