英语词汇学2011年4月真题试题及答案解析（00832）

What are contextual clues?Guess the meaning of the word underlined in the following sentence and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meaning.(a) Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor B irdwhistell.(b) It's just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors — those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as "silicon chips".

Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out the right antonyms for each fast respectively.

[A] My god, look, this clock is one hour fast, as if we were at Tokyo.

[B] The colors aren't fast, so be careful when you wash this shirt.

[C] The delegation paid a fast visit to the United Kingdom last month.

Comment on the following groups to illustrate the difference between partial and full conversion.

Group 1: "white — a white, final — finals"

Group 2: "rich — the rich, wounded — the wounded"

What is the appropriate antonym for acute in the following statement?She got an acute pain in her back.

leorn→ian→lern→en→learn

Above is the change of "learn" from Old English through Middle English to Modern English.What can you conclude from the viewpoint of the development of English vocabulary?

Both initialisms and acronyms are formed to a certain extent from initial letters. Is there any difference between them? Illustrate your point with examples.

associated transfer

variations of idioms

grammatical meaning

derivational affix

jargon

The characteristic of idioms —_________ unity can be reflected by the understanding of such idiom as "rain cats and dogs".

Definition, extra column and usage _________ are the unique features of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987).

The sentence "He is a hard businessman" is ambiguous due to _________.

The synonymous pair "die — pass away" has the same _________ but different stylistic values.

Fortuitous formerly denoted ‘happening by chance', ‘accidental' and later took on the meaning 'fortunate' probably by _________ because the two words look similar.

Semantically, all _________ are related in one way or another.

The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function are _________.

At the end of century, Latin-speaking missionaries under St. Augustine came to spread Christianity in Britain. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many _________ terms such as abbot, candle, altar, etc.

The process of changing the word "possible" into "impossible" is called _________.

Which of the following dictionaries is NOT a specialized dictionary?

Usage notes of the dictionary explain ______.

The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one _________ words.

The change of idiom "velvet paws" from the original form is ______.

American dictionaries generally use ______ to mark the pronunciation.

Which of the following is NOT true about extra-linguistic context?

The idiom "fall into good hands" is a ______ as far as figures of speech are concerned.

"Flesh and blood" is an idiom ______ in nature.

In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears and is known as ______ context.

People change word-meaning owing to various ______ motives: love, respect, courtesy, suspicion, pessimism, sarcasm, irony, contempt, hatred, etc.

Which of the following is one of the main functions of verbal context?

What is applicable to contradictory terms of some antonyms may NOT be applicable to their ______ terms?

When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is ______ accordingly.

Which of the following words was used during the American Civil War to refer to those northerners who were secretly aiding the South?

What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages?

Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ______ field of ‘colours’.

______ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.

By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.

In English there are ______ types of motivation that concerns the relationship between the sign and meaning.

30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced through ______ .

The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is called ______.

The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______.

There is/are ______ monomorphemic word(s) in the following words: hot, dog, feet, matches.

The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is ______.

The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and ______ classics. This is known in history as the Renaissance.

The definition of a word comprises the following points ______ .(1) a minimal free form of a language(2) a sound unity(3) a unit of meaning(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence

The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and ______ .

Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. foot is the father of football, footage and footprint. This demonstrates that one of the characteristics of the words of the basic stock is ______.

The development of English vocabulary can be divided into the following particular historical period EXCEPT ______.