全国自考现代语言学模拟试卷(9)

What is bilingualism? What is a bilingual community? What does it mean that most bilingual communities have one thing in common?

elaboration

Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.

conversational implicature

language planning

cultural transmission(as defining feature of human language)

brain lateralization

caretaker speech

cerebral cortex

right ear advantage

subvocal speech

homonymy

Language is vocal because the primary medium is sound for all languages.

Morphology and syntax study the same aspect of language.

A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.

Stress is exclusively used with words, not with sentences.

Phonology is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world's languages.

Some languages are more challenging to acquire as a first language.

An official language is in fact a national language.

The most dramatic morphological loss concerns the loss of gender markings only.

It is the property of arbitrariness that provides speakers with an opportunity to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and place.

Slang is often perceived as a low or vulgar form of language and is deemed to be undesirable in f________ styles of language.

Generally speaking, the standard language is more effective in expressing ideas than any other dialect co-existing with it.

The significance of Grice's C________ Principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.

In the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct their personal grammars, and their language develops in stages until it a________ the grammatical rules of the adult language.

In semantic analysis, p________ is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.

Modern linguistics gives priority to the s________ form of languages.

The m________ rule of adjective agreement has been lost from English.

The meaning of an u________ is concrete and context dependent.

In order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language t________.

Within the framework of C________ Analysis, second language learning was believed to be a matter of overcoming the differences between L1 and L2 systems.

The open, back and long vowel is ________.

The avoidance of using t________ language mirrors social attitudes, emotions and value judgements.

The illocutionary point of ________ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.

When a word is employed as a medium of thinking by means of its conceptualizing system, we say it is used for ________ communication.

In general, the ________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.

Words in a sentence are organized into groups of lexical ________, commonly known as parts of speech.

The ________ approach was founded on the belief that it was possible to predict what problems earners of a particular second language would face and the errors they would make by establishing the linguistic differences between the native and target language systems.

The word “boyish” contains two ________.

A ________ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.

Phrase structure rules have ________ properties.

In a sense, humans can be said to be biologically programmed to acquire at least one language. What is meant by this ________ view of language acquisition is that humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.