全国自考现代语言学模拟试卷(4)

State briefly your understanding of the differences between the term acquisition and the term learning in language acquisition study?

utterance meaning

Explain the Great Vowel Shift in the history of English, and give at least two examples of both Middle English and Modern English in phonetic transcription.

narrow transcription

arbitrariness

allophone

sentence meaning

grammatical meaning

telegraphic speech

syntactic movement

high variety

antonymy

Complete synonyms are rare in language.

Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.

Phrase structure rules are rewrite rules.

The right hemisphere controls voluntary movements of, and responds to signals from, the right side of the body.

Generally speaking, left-handed people have their language centers in the left hemisphere of the brain.

Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the social significance of certain linguistic variables.

Research findings have shown that language processing centers are situated in single area of the left hemisphere.

The significance of Grice's Cooperative Principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.

The predication analysis of a sentence only applies to statements and interrogative forms.

The [d] of spindle is developed between an adjacent [n] and [l]. Such a process or change in which successive sounds are separated by an intervening segment is known as e________.

Sense and reference refer to the same thing in meaning study.

The sequential order of words in a sentence suggests that the structure of a sentence is l________.

Linguistic change occurs in all c________ of the grammar.

Pairs of words which exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the lexical items are called r________ opposites.

The phonemes of a language cannot be strung together in any random order to form. words. The phonological system determines which phonemes can begin a word, end a word, and follow each other, in other words, there are s________ rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language.

In h________ linguistics, language change refers to the study of the diachronic processes of change in language elements and language systems.

The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called s________ features.

English is an i________ language.

A r________ can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.

________ resulted mainly from the expansion of the study of linguistics, especially that of semantics.

All the speech acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same i________ point, but they differ in their strength or force.

Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ________ set on UG principles to particular values.

________ has been found to occur usually in children's pronunciation or reporting of the truthfulness of utterances, rather than in the grammaticality of sentences.

________ are sometimes called “semivowels”.

The words “stationary” and “stationery” are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning. They are ________。

The sounds that begin and end the words “church” and “judge” are voiceless and voiced ________, respectively.

Scientific study of language is based on the ________ investigation of language data.

Speech act theory was first proposed by ________.

A(n) ________ refers to the existing form. to which a derivational affix can be added.

In the word “unreliable”, the prefix “un-” is a(n) ________ morpheme.