现代语言学2018年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

How are semantics and pragmatics related, and how do they differ?

Name and describe 5 of the core branches of linguistics.

sense

pragmatics

historical linguistics

speech community

cerebral plasticity

AUX-movement

second language acquisition (SLA)

stem

duality

word stress

Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the spoken.

A regional dialect is usually spoken by a group of people living in the same community.

The two sentences “Tom smokes.'' and “Tom is smoking.” have the same predication.

Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.

Language is the only means for thought.

Parameters are syntactic options of UG that allow general principles to operate in one way or another and contribute to significant linguistic variations between and among natural languages.

“Plural” is a morpheme.

Although there are individual differences in onset and rate of language development, children across cultures follow the same order of language development.

[θ] and [e] are two dental fricatives in English.

The description of a language at some point in time is a diachronic study.

Many of the most basic terms in the English language originate from O ______English.

If one contributes more information than is required in a conversation, he/she violates the maxim of q_____.

P______refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have more than one meaning.

Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called t_____ rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.

A creole language is originally a p______ that has become established as a native language in some speech community.

The relationship between the name and the meaning of a word is quite a______.

Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often i_______, not always being the sum total of the meanings of its components.

Language acquisition is concerned with language d ______in humans.

Cultural t ______means that language can be passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by instinct.

When pitch, stress, and sound length arc tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i________.

The first and most widely investigated language family of the world is ?

The notion of is essential to the pragmatic study of language.

Sociolinguistics is primarily concerned with the social significance of language _____and language use in different speech communities.

In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called , which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.

What can be drawn safely from the case of Genie is that .

Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same .

The words “take” and “table” are called _____because they can occur unattached.

Which of the following factors is NOT a learner factor?

According to F. de Saussure, ______refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.

The English sound [u:] is a________.