现代语言学2018年4月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

Linguistics is generally defined as scientific study of language. Describe briefly the process of linguistic study.

What is the Cooperative Principle? Please make an analysis of what maxim is violated by B and what implicature is produced in the following conversation.A: The speaker is an awful bore. Don't you think?B: The lecture hall is spacious, isn't it?(This is said when it is known to both A and B that it is entirely possible for B to make a comment on the speaker.)

hyponymy

perlocutionary act

semantic change

the critical period hypothesis

Universal Grammar

slang

interlanguage

root

phoneme

Language change is essentially a matter of change in the grammar.

displacement

Of the two sounds /b/ and /l/, children are more likely to acquire /l/ first rather than /b/.

The conceptualist view of meaning was further strengthened by Bloomfield, who drew on behaviorist psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic form.

Utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication.

The case of Genie demonstrates that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period.

Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.

The word update is formed by derivation.

In general, language learning refers to children's development of their first language.

Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary.

[s] and [z] arc two alveolar fricatives in English.

S ________refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning.

According to J. Austin, a l_________ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.

It is generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of Old English, M____ English and Modem English.

Syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker is known as linguistic c___________.

A p ______is a variety of language that is generally used by native speakers of other languages as a medium of communication.

B ____________learning theory suggested that a child's verbal behavior was conditioned through association between a stimulus and the following response.

I__________ morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.

The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l___________ .

According to Chomsky, a speaker has internalized a set of r __________about his language, which enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences.

English vowels may be distinguished as front, c__________ and back.

In general, linguistic change in the system and the vocabulary of a language is more noticeable than that in other systems of the grammar.

The sense relation that holds between the two words piece and peace is .

As an important theory in the pragmatic study of language, speech act theory was originated with in the late 50’s of the 20th century.

Neurolinguists have concluded that three areas of the left hemisphere are vital to language, namely, Broca’s area, Wernick’s area and .

A clause that takes a subject and a finite verb, and at the same time stands alone is known as a finite clause.

__________ is a linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used by an individual or by a group of speakers, such as the inhabitants of a particular region or a nation.

The optimum age for second language acquisition is .

The English sounds [j] and [w] are____.

modify the meaning and in many cases change the part of speech of the original word.

Language is a system of arbitrary ________symbols used for human communication.