现代语言学2017年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

Explain the deletion rule with examples.

Please define semantic change and illustrate the major types of semantic change with examples.

brain lateralization

speech community

Krashen’s learning

entailment

blending

commissives

universal grammar

phones

bound morphemes

It is widely recognized that children across cultures follow a similar route of development in acquiring their native language.

productivity

The sentence “He crazy” is acceptable in Black English vernacular because the absence of the copula “be” is an obvious feature of Black English.

According to Eric Lenneberg, prior to the completion of the lateralization process both brain hemispheres are involved to some extent in language.

Many of the most basic terms in the English language originate from Middle English.

There are two aspects to sentence meaning: lexical meaning and semantic meaning.

Pronoun is a major lexical category in the English language.

The illocutionary point of representatives is to commit the speaker to something’s being the case, to the truth of what has been said.

The study of the speech sounds which distinguish meaning is called phonetics.

The grammar taught to learners of a language today is still basically descriptive in the sense that it tells learners what they should say, or what is supposed to be correct usage.

A bound root, often seen as part of a word, can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.

Adults are motivated to learn a second language because of a communicative need. They may learn a second language in order to use it socially, in which case i____ motivation occurs.

For most individuals, the l___ hemisphere is dominant for language.

Sociolinguists are particularly interested in three types of speech variety, or dialects, namely, r____ dialects, social dialects, and registers.

Language change is largely a process of b____ between the simplification and the elaboration of rules, between the need to reduce memory burdens and the need to maintain communicative clarity.

According to John Austin, p____ were sentences which did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.

Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s___ restrictions.

Syntactically, the part of speech of a compound is generally determined by the part of speech of the s____ element.

A c_____ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.

Similar to Saussure, Chomsky thinks that what linguists should study is the ideal speaker’s competence, not his p____ , which is too haphazard to be studied.

When children’s language develops towards the early ______stage, negative words occur at the beginning of expressions, for example, “No mitten”, “No singing song”.

The a____ rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme.

The work of the ______marked the beginning of the discovery of Indo-European language family.

There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, and how we use this knowledge in actual speech production and____, which is our linguistic performance.

When we speak, words are sent to_____, which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.

A _____analysis of an utterance reveals what the speaker intends to do with it.

In the X-bar theory, the specifier of the phrase “very curious of the answer” is____.

Predication analysis is a way to analyze ______meaning.

The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word are called _______rules.

Of the following features, ______is NOT a suprasegmental feature.

Language is “the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols”, which was proposed by ____.