现代语言学2017年4月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

Discuss with examples the differences between language acquisition and language learning.

Describe the features that most compounds share.

interference

diachronic linguistics

linguistic relativism

diglossia

argument

conversational implicature

syntactic movement

inflectional morpheme

minimal pair

The sounds and syllables that children utter at the babbling stage are meaningless.

When a bilingual speaker switches between the two languages concerned, he or she is converting one mode of thinking into the other.

duality (of structure)

Modern English has an elaborate system of case marking through overt morphological changes, thus its word order is more variable than that of Old English.

Pidgins are rule-governed, simplified language with reduced grammatical features.

The five types of general categories of speech acts distinguished by John Austin are representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declarations.

Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: lexical morphology and derivational morphology.

Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.

The sentence “The cat are barking at the dog” only violates semantic rules.

While Saussure took a sociological view of language, Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of view.

When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as tone.

Adults are motivated to learn a second language because of a communicative need. They may learn a second language in order to use it functionally, in which case i____ motivation occurs.

Much evidence in support of lateralization for language in the left hemisphere comes from researches in d___ listening tasks.

S_________is a casual use of language that consists of expressive but nonstandard vocabulary, typically of arbitrary, flashy and often ephemeral coinages and figures of speech characterized by spontaneity and sometimes by raciness.

All the speech acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same i___ point.

The sentence “Green clouds are sleeping furiously” is not s____ meaningful but grammatically well-formed.

Physiologically, vowels tend to be n___ before nasal consonants because it is difficult to time the lowering of the velum to produce nasality with the consonant articulation.

Phonetically, the stress of a compound word usually falls on the f___ element.

A simple sentence consists of a single c____ which contains a subject and a predicate.

S ___________descriptions are often thought of as being descriptions of a language as it exists at the present day and most linguistic studies are of this type.

The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in the pharyngeal, o_________, and nasal cavities.

In general, children's two-word stage begins roughly .

It is the ___________differences that have often been used to illustrate the “illogic” of Black English.

According to the lateralization theory, which of the following is NOT the primary function of the left hemisphere of the brain?

The following topics fall into the scope of historical linguistics EXCEPT_______.

When we say “The book has a finger”, it is a typical example of a sentence which is .

According to John Searle, the illocutionary act of the utterance “I promise to come” belongs to________.

In the X-bar theory, the complement in the phrase “regularly check his E-mail box” is .

According to_________, vowels can be classified into three groups: front, central, and back.

The number of morphemes contained in the word “underdeveloped” is ________ .

A famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” may well illustrate the ______nature of language.