现代语言学2016年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

What are the four maxims under the cooperative principle? And illustrate with one example how the violation of the maxim of quality gives rise to conversational implicature.

Which enjoys priority in modern linguistics, speech or writing? Why?

language acquisition

interpersonal communication

constatives

language planning

cognate

stylistic synonyms

morphology

finite clause

suprasegmental features

arbitrariness

When we say that language provides a means for the expression or communication of thought, we mean that language is the only means of expressing thought.

language itself is not sexist, but it reflects sexism in society as it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.

Like overt teaching, imitation plays at best a very minor role in the child’s mastery of language.

What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use should be taken into consideration.

sense and reference are two important notions associated with lexical meaning.

The division of English language into the periods of Old English, Middle English and Modem English is nonconventional and not arbitrary.

Combinational rules are rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.

Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often the sum total of the meanings of its components.

Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of any particular language such as English, Chinese and Latin.

Chinese is a typical tone language, which has four tones.

Although they lack grammatical morphemes, t _______sentences in the multiword stage are not simply words that are randomly strung together, but follow the principles of sentence formation.

Sound a _______refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another.

Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard or v ______languages.

The c __________period hypothesis refers to a period in one's life experience extending from about age two to puberty, during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language and language learning can proceed easily, swiftly, and without explicit instruction.

According to the b____________ view of meaning study, the meaning of a linguistic form is the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.

Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker known as linguistic c________?

According to Austin’s new model of speech act theory, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, i ______ act and pcrlocutionary act.

To describe the physical properties of speech sounds, a___ phoneticians use spectrographs to record the sound waves.

According to their position in the new words, a _______are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.

A d ________study of language is a historical study, which studies the development of language over a period of time.

The case of Phineas Gage shows us that___________.

There are a number of factors pertaining to the learner that potentially influence the way in which a second language is acquired. Which of the following is NOT an individual learner factor? .

The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its ________.

During the Renaissance movement, many of _______words became part of the educated English lexicon.

The notion of________ is essential to the pragmatic study of language. It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.

In the X-bar theory, the head of the phrase “quite above the desk” is .

If you say that there is no direct connection between a linguistic form and what it refers to, you hold a view of meaning study.

Of the following speech sounds, is represented in narrow transcription.

In distinguishing competence and performance, Chomsky looks at language from a ____ point of view, and to him competence is a property of the mind of each individual.

All the following morphemes can be definitely regarded as derivational morphemes EXCEPT________.