现代语言学2016年4月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

Explain with at least 2 examples what a finite clause is and tell which of the following 4 sentences are NOT finite clauses.

A. The weather being fine.

B. The book to be finished.

C. When we got there.

D. John asked Mary to leave early.

Describe the similarities and differences between a pidgin and a lingua franca.

behaviorist learning theory

idiolect

cerebral plasticity

collocation

cognate

Maxim of quantity

syntax

assimilation rules

inflectional affixes

Individual learner factors contribute to the success of SLA.

For most individuals, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, regardless of handiness.

performance

The Austronesian family comprises up to one thousand different languages scattered over Australia.

Although both pidgins and creoles originate as highly restricted vernaculars of a particular kind, creoles can in certain circumstances achieve the status of standards.

A language has major and minor lexical categories of a finite set. Major categories are closed categories and minor categories arc open categories.

In the figure representing Bloomfield's story about Jack and Jill, the capitalized letters S & R represent meanings of verbal behavior in the relation between speech while the small letters “r.....s” represent practical events or physical activities.

Pragmatics and semantics are both linguistic studies of meanings.

Like derivation, compounding is another popular and important way of forming new words in English.

The dual nature of language is well illustrated by a famous quotation from Shakespeare's play 's “Romeo and Juliet”: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.”

Vowels are usually distinguished according to the following three factors: the position of the tongue in the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels. Thus, the English vowel [i:] can be described as high, close, and long.

According to Krashen, l_________ is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of the vocabulary and grammar of a second language, particularly through formal instruction.

The strong notion that language determines thought is called linguistic d____________.

Most bilingual communities have a fairly clear functional differentiation of the two languages in respect of speech situations known as d________.

As for the linguistic change of English, the s________ system has obviously undergone more radical changes than other components of the grammar.

The significance of Grice's CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is l_____________ said.

A complex sentence usually contains two clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other. The incorporated sentence is called an embedded clause, and the clause into which it is embedded is called a m_______ clause.

The famous quotation “We shall know a word by the c_____ it keeps” was proposed by Firth.

Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a m_________ the basic unit in the study of morphology.

Language is v_______ because the primary medium is sound for all languages, no matter how well developed their writing systems are.

Stress is a relative notion; only words with two or more s________ can be said to have word stress.

The distinctive features of Black English persist NOT for reasons.

In terms of language centers, is responsible for physical articulation of utterances.

Despite the fact that children are still acquiring aspects of their native language through the later years of childhood, they are normally assumed to have completed the greater part of the language acquisition process by the age of__________.

According to the maxim of manner under the Cooperative Principle, participants of a conversation are expected to_____.

All of the following are correct for the componential features of “girl” EXCEPT ____.

Prior to the sixteenth century, the sentence “You can stay, stay not you." is grammatical, but it changes into “You can stay, can't you?” in Modern English, which illustrates the phenomenon of .

A very common way to form new words in English is to add affixes to existing forms. For example, “teacher” is formed by adding the affix -er to the existing form “teach”, and “enlarge” is created by adding the affix to the existing form “large”. These affixes are called affixes.

The following subjects fall into the field of syntax EXCEPT ?

In distinguishing langue and parole, Saussure took a ___-view of language, and his notion of langue is a matter of social conventions.

A front vowel is one in the production of which the front part of the tongue maintains the position.