现代语言学2015年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

fossilization

What is a lingua franca? Explain whether English is an international lingua franca.

Illustrate the recursiveness of phrase structure rules with examples.

cerebral cortex

euphemism

componential analysis

utterance meaning

historical linguistics

phonetics

syntax

morphological rules

Practical experience suggests that interference from the mother tongue is the only or major source of errors.

Most scholars accept the weaker version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and recognize that language determines the way human beings perceive the objective world.

displacement

In view of a language as a self-regulating semiotic system, internal borrowing well explains sound change for the purpose of minimizing memorization burdens and maximizing communicative efficiency.

In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same function in speech situations known as domains.

Speech act theory aims to answer the question “What do we do when using language?”

Generally speaking, major lexical categories are open categories and minor lexical categories are closed categories.

The sense relation between the word flower and the words rose, tulip and carnation is called homonymy.

Morphemes that manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case are called derivational morphemes.

The speech sound [k] can be described as voiced, velar, stop.

General linguistics deals with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.

According to the a____ view, the acquisition of a second language involves, and is dependent on, the acquisition of the culture of the target language community.

Linguistic l________ is the brain’s neurological specialization for language.

A pidginized dialect may expand and has eventually become the native language of a certain population, which is then called a c______________.

In the course of the historical development of English, a change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as e_____________.

S___________ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form, which is abstract and independent from context.

“Do not say what you believe to be false” is required by the maxim of q____________ under the cooperative principle.

Such words as “that”, “if” and “until”, which function as introductory words in most embedded clauses, are called s_____________.

The combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words are called c___________.

While human capacity for language has a genetic basis, the details of any language system are not genetically transmitted, but instead c____ transmitted.

The short vowels are all lax vowels and the long vowels are all t____ vowels.

In general, children have virtually acquired the basic fabric of their native language at the age of______?

The neurobiologist Eric Lenneberg is a major proponent of the idea that ( ).

The word “edit” is created by means of ( ).

A linguistic ( ) refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.

The syntactic rules of any language are ( ) in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.

In English, words such as “knight” and “night” , “rain” and “rein” are typical examples of ( ).

The following interpretations of the sentence “I am still young” are all typical instances of its pragmatic analysis EXCEPT “( )”.

The inflectional morpheme in the word “deforestated” is ( ).

Of the following consonants, ( ) is dental.

A study of the features of the English language used in Charles Dickens’ time can be regarded as a ( ) study.