现代语言学2014年4月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

Krashen’s acquisition

Please illustrate with example(s) the difference between compounding and derivation.

Please explain dichotic listening tests with example(s).

language planning

the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

conversational implicature

synonymy

back-formation

stem

simple sentence

phone

The rate and ultimate success in SLA only depend on learners’ experience with optimal input and instruction.

competence

The term pidgin originated from the pronunciation of the English word “business” in Chinese Pidgin English.

The language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop.

Syntactically, the verb of a sentence in Old English precedes, rather than follows, the subject.

Language is a highly structured system of communication. Sentences are both linearly and hierarchically structured.

Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle in the late 50’s of the 20th century.

The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.

Different words have to use the same affix in order to create the same meaning change.

Human language is not only genetically transmitted, but also culturally transmitted while animal call systems are genetically transmitted.

In broad transcription, the word “build” is transcribed as [bild].

In children’s prelinguistic stage, the first recognizable sounds are described as c____ , with velar consonants such as /k/ and high vowels such as /u/ usually present.

Language functions are believed to be lateralized primarily in the l____ hemisphere of the brain.

The non-prestige variety in diglossia is called the l_____ variety.

The u_____ meaning of a sentence varies with the context in which it is said.

In general, linguistic change in the sound system and the v_____ of a language is more noticeable than that in other systems of the grammar.

The suffix -er in the word “taller” is an i____ morpheme.

In terms of componential analysis, the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called s ________ features.

Apart from sentences and clauses, a syntactic category usually refers to a word or a phrase that performs a particular g________ function.

Linguistics studies not any particular language, e.g., English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, but it studies l____ in general.

________ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language as a primary means of communication in his or her own community.

Speech sounds can be initially classified into two broad categories: vowels and c_____ .

________ has a strikingly different view from the other three on language and thought.

The following are the syntactic features of Black English EXCEPT ________.

________ separated the period of Middle English from that of Modern English.

The illocutionary point of the ________ is to commit the speaker to something’s being the case, to the truth of what has been said.

The sentence “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously” is a typical example of violation of ________.

A ________ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “and,” “but,” “or.”

In English the two sounds [p] and [ph] are ________.

The word “decentralize” contains ________ morphemes.

The fact that different sounds are used to refer to the same object in different languages well illustrates the ________nature of language.