英汉互译自考2011年7月真题答案

原文： Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are deaD、One’s thought must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one’s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. …The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality. ?Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.

B、Directions： Translate the following passage into English. (15 points)

原文：家里最大的是我，才十三岁，就唱戏养家了。真是一个钱撕成八瓣用，心里总想着怎样能够改善家里的困境。早晨去喊嗓子，我带着一个小篮拾煤核，为了回家取暖。拾煤核也要放聪明点儿，常常换换地方，为的不受那些野男孩子的欺负。那些男孩子是成群结队的拾煤核，我是一个人，怕被他们欺负，我用换地方的办法，躲着他们。他们看见女孩拾煤核就捣乱，揪我的小辫，向我身上扔虫子，吓得我看见他们就躲。

原文：中国海域有丰富的海水资源和海洋可再生能源。

原文：做中人的卫老婆子带她进来时，她头上还扎着白头绳。

原文：我们应该增进相互了解，加强友好合作。

B、Directions: Each of the following translated sentences is inadequate. Revise the given versions.

Example：

原文：中国在任何情况之下决不首先使用核武器。

译文：At no time China will be the first to use nuclear weapons.

改译：At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

原文：五四运动是一次彻底的不妥协的反帝反封建的革命运动。

原文：提高现有耕地单位面积产量有潜力。

原文：Such issues as clean air, pure water and freedom from noise pollution are public concerns.

原文：As soon as she became a widow she devoted herself to women’s higher education.

原文：From both sides of the valley little streams slipped out of the hill and fell into the Salinas River.

Example：

原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.

译文：阿德莱德享有地中海气候。

改译：阿德莱德属地中海气候。

原文：Would he treat them with cold suspicion?

原文：Nearly 48 million people live in an area only slightly larger than MarylanD、

A.Translate the following words and phrases into English. Write down your translation on your Answer Sheet.

(26)逃学

(27)军阀政府

(28)九龙壁

(29)基本方针

(30)游记

(31)祥林嫂

(32)排队

(33)大陆架

(34)董事会

(35)深刻影响

(16)a slender man

(17)country-wide trade

(18)the Ethiopian highlands

(19)economic policy

(20)great-grandmother

(21)open sea

(22)part-time river

(23)mineral oil

(24)environmental law

(25)welcoming banquet

下列关于断句与并句的说法，正确的是( )

• A.就汉译英而论，断句的情况是很多的，而并句的情况是个别的。
• B.就英译汉而论，断句的情况是很多的，而并句的情况是个别的。
• C.就汉译英而论，并句的情况是很多的，而断句的情况是个别的。
• D.就英译汉而论，并句的情况是很多的，而断句的情况是个别的。

原文：He wished that he had asked her to dance, and that he knew her name.( )译文：他真希望自己当时请她跳了舞，现在又知道她的芳名，那该有多好。本句中运用的主要翻译方法是

• A.增词
• B.减词
• C.换词
• D.省略

“That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original; That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition.”以上观点是__________提出的。( )

• A.F. Tytler
• B.巴尔胡达罗夫
• C.费道罗夫
• D.恩格斯

周煦良先生在“翻译三论”一文中说，严复的“信、达、雅”翻译标准中“雅”字应当作为__________来讲。( )

• A.文雅
• B.优雅
• C.正式
• D.得体

先有哈佛，后有美利坚合众国，这说明了哈佛在美国历史上的地位。( )

• A.The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to the position in the American history.
• B.The fact of Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to its position in the American history.
• C.The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to its position in the American history.
• D.The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies its position in the American history.

能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。( )

• A.I find it a great honor to be asked to write a preface to this collection of his essays.
• B.I find it a big honor to be asked to write a preface to this collection of his essays.
• C.I find it a great honor to ask to write a preface to this collection of his essays.
• D.I find it a big honor to ask to write a preface to this collection of his essays.

傅雷的翻译主张是( )

• A.重神似不重形似。
• B.重形似不重神似。
• C.既重形似也重神似。
• D.既不重形似也不重神似。

她口角边渐渐的有了笑影，脸上也白胖了。( )

• A.Little by little the trace of a smile appeared at the corners of her mouth, but her face became whiter and plumper.
• B.Little by little the trace of a smile appeared at the corners of her mouth, so her face became whiter and plumper.
• C.Little by little the trace of a smile appeared at the corners of her mouth, while her face became whiter and plumper.
• D.Little by little the trace of a smile appeared at the corners of her mouth, when her face became whiter and plumper.

中国作为一个发展中的沿海大国，国民经济要持续发展，必须把海洋的开发和保护作为一项长期的战略任务。( )

• A.China must take exploitation and protection of the ocean for a long-term strategic task before it can achieve the sustainable development of its national economy.
• B.China must take exploitation and protection of the ocean as a long-term strategic task before China can achieve the sustainable development of its national economy.
• C.China must take exploitation and protection of the ocean as a long-term strategic task before it can achieve the sustainable development of its national economy.
• D.China must take exploitation and protection of the ocean for a long-term strategic task before China can achieve the sustainable development of its national economy.

我家里生活苦，父亲做小买卖，妈妈是家庭妇女，弟弟妹妹多。( )

• A.My family hard up, with Father a peddler, Mother a housewife, and so many children to feeD、
• B.My family hard up, with Father is a peddler, Mother is a housewife, and so many children need to feeD、
• C.My family was hard up, with Father a peddler, Mother a housewife, and so many children to feeD、
• D.My family was hard up, with Father is a peddler, Mother is a housewife, and so many children need to feeD、

A powerful indictment of America’s disregard of ecology, Silent Spring was aimed chiefly at the wholesale use of chemical pesticides, especially DDT.( )

• A.一个对美国之忽视生态的有力控诉，《沉默的春天》主要是针对大规模使用农药——特别是滴滴涕。
• B.《沉默的春天》是一个对美国之忽视生态的有力控诉，它主要是针对大规模使用农药——特别是滴滴涕。
• C.作为对美国之忽视生态的有力控诉，《沉默的春天》主要是针对大规模使用农药——特别是滴滴涕。
• D.《沉默的春天》有力地控诉了美国之忽视生态，它主要是针对大规模使用农药——特别是滴滴涕。

Per capita GNP has grown at an average rate of 7.6% from 1980-1992.( )

• A.从1980到1992年，人均国民生产总值平均增长率为7.6%。
• B.1980和1992年，人均国民生产总值平均增长为7.6%。
• C.从1980到1992年，人均国民生产总值平均增长到7.6%。
• D.从1980到1992年，人均国民生产总值平均增长率超过7.6%。

Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterize all the Industrial Revolution.( )

• A.在修建英国的运河网的过程中，有两点是非常突出的，而他们也正是整个工业革命的特点。
• B.在修建英国的运河网的过程中，有两点是非常突出的，也正是这两点使整个工业革命具有了特点。
• C.在英国的运河网的创造中，有两点是非常突出的，而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。
• D.在修建英国的运河网的过程中，有两点是非常突出的，而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。

Their galabias and turbans stained by the sweat and dirt of a long day’s work, they sat in front of a wayside shop, enjoying the best things in life along the Nile.( )

• A.袍子和头巾上又是汗，又是土，他们干了一天活儿。这时候，他们坐在路旁一家商店门口，享受尼罗河沿岸人们生活里最大的乐事。
• B.他们干了一天活儿，袍子和头巾上又是汗，又是土。这时候，他们坐在一家商店门口的路旁，享受尼罗河沿岸人们生活里最大的乐事。
• C.他们干了一天活儿，袍子和头巾被汗和土玷污。这时候，他们坐在路旁一家商店门口，享受尼罗河沿岸人们生活里最大的乐事。
• D.他们干了一天活儿，袍子和头巾上又是汗，又是土。这时候，他们坐在路旁一家商店门口，享受尼罗河沿岸人们生活里最大的乐事。