自考专业英语（英语阅读一）模拟试卷三

(63)All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.Sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twenty four hours. But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours. (64)I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.(65)Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances. What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings? What happiness should we find in reviewing the past, what regrets?(66)Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come. (67)There are those, of course, who would adopt the epicurean motto of "Eat, drink, and be merry", but most people would be chastened by certainty of impending death

According to the author, what is the relationship between media violence and real-life violence?

Passage 4

 Blaming the media for violence is misguided. To better understand the issue of violence and society, it is helpful to examine its historical roots. Certainly not all tribal societies were violent. For example, many native tribes in the American southwest were entirely peaceful. However, for most tribal people throughout most of the world war and violence have always been part of life. One of our oldest books, the Old Testament, tells of constant tribal wars among the peoples of the Middle East. Likewise, ancient texts such as the Greek Iliad, the Indian Bhagavad-Gita and the Nordic Beowulf all tell tales of war and violence. Certainly the peoples of ancient Babylonia, Greece, India, and Scandinavia were not influenced by the media yet most of the earliest human records indicate that violence has been an ever-present part of human life. Since violence was with us long before media, it seems unlikely that controlling the media now would have much impact on stopping.

 A comparison of violence in nations around the world indicates that there is no relationship between media violence and real violence. In the United States, in 1996, there were 9,390 gun related deaths. In the same year, Japan had 15 gun-related deaths. Yet the level of violence on television in Japan is higher than that in the U.S. Japanese TV often depicts graphic violence that would not be allowed on U.S. television, and Japanese movie-goers see the same major Hollywood films that Americans see, but street crime is so rare in Tokyo that most people do not worry about it. In American cities, people in general, and women in particular, are afraid to walk alone at is an ever-present concern in the U. S. where citizens limit their lives in numerous the chances of joining the 11, 000 people who are killed by guns in America each the number of murders in the U. S. is small compared to Columbia, where, for 23,000 people were murdered in 1999. Columbians have much less exposure to media violence Americans or Japanese; they have fewer TV stations and watch fewer films. Indeed, those committing murders in Columbia are often people from the countryside who have the least exposure to the mediA。 Thus people who are not exposed to the media are often more likely to commit violent crimes than those exposed to it. Since Canada borders the U. S. Canadians receive the same TV and radio programs that Americans receive, yet gun violence in Canada is nearly one hundred times lower than that in the U. S. Clearly there is no significant relationship between media violence and real-life violence. We need to look elsewhere for solutions to real-life violence.

Why does the author examine the historical roots of violence in the first paragraph?

recognize talk in  afford expect cheap 

at reassure chat  soul live catch sight of

I (51)( ) her at the play and in answer to her beckoning I went over during the interval and sat down beside her. It was long since I had last seen her and if someone had not mentioned her name I hardly think I would have(52)( )her. She addressed me brightly."Well, it's many years since we first met. How time does fly! We're none of us getting any younger. Do you remember the first time I saw you? You asked me to luncheon.

 Did remember?

 It was twenty years ago and I was (53)( )in Paris. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin Quarter overlooking a cemetery and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and (54)together. She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would like to have(55)( )_with me; but her time was limited and the only free moment she had was on the following Thursday; she was spending the morning at the Luxembourg and would I give her a little luncheon at Foyot's afterwards? Foyot's is a restaurant (56)( )which the French senators eat and it was so far beyond my means that I had never even thought of going there. But I was flattered and I was too young to have learned to say no to a woman. (Few men, I may add, learn this until they are too old to make it of any consequence to a woman what they say. I had eighty francs gold francs )to last me the rest of the month, and a modest luncheon should not cost more than fifteen. If I cut out coffee for the next two weeks I could

 I answered that I would meet my friend-by correspondence-at Foyot's on Thursday at half past twelve. She was not so young as I (57)( )and in appearance imposing rather than attractive. She was, in fact, a woman of forty a charming age, but not one that excites a sudden and devastating passion at first sight), and she gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose. She was talkative, but since she inclined to talk about me I was prepared to be an attentive listener.I was startled when the bill of fare was brought, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. But she(58)( )me.

 "I never eat anything for luncheon," she said.

 “Oh, don' 't say that! answered generously.

 "I never eat more than one thing. I think people eat far too much nowadays. little fish, perhaps. wonder if they have any salmon.

 Well, it was early in the year for salmon and it was not on the bill of fare, but I asked the waiter if there was any. Yes, a beautiful salmon had just come in, it was the first they had had, I ordered it for my guest. The waiter asked her if she would have something while it was being cookeD. "No," she answered, "I never eat more than one thing. Unless you had a little caviare. never mind caviare.”

 My heart sank a little. I knew could not(59)( )caviare, but I could not very well tell her that. I told the waiter by all means to bring caviare. For myself I chose the (60)( )dish on the menu and that was a mutton chop.

(arrive) You know you've( ) when you're asked to appear on TV.

(continue) She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child's development may be warpeD。

(increasing) people are realizing that our basic problems are not economic( ) ones.

(hesitate) There is no room for( )

(ease) Hospitals always make me feel( ) especially when I am the one who must see the doctor.

(relax) Fishing is his favorite( )

(general) Don't try to( ) it isn't fair to say all women drivers are careless just because one knocked you down.

( distant) A straight line is the shortest( ) between two points.

(amaze) I find it( ) that you ean't swim.

( assure) The company's' profits were( )by the quality of its new product

 In 1786 a call went out to all the states inviting them to send delegates to a meeting to be held in Philadelphia in the spring of?1787. (31)( )

No more important meeting has ever been held in AmericA。 To it came fifty-five men, among them some of the most famous men in our history. They included George Washington who presided over the convention, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. They worked steadily and in secret from May well into September and adjourned only after they had written ne plan of government to be sent to the thirteen states for approval. (32)( ) A great English statesman called this constitution "the most remarkable work known to me in modern times to have been produced by the human intellect, at a single stroke( so to speak), in its application to political affairs. "(33) ( )Since then it has been the fundamental law of the nation

 We the people of the United States" the Preamble to the Constitution begins, (34)( )These purposes were: first, to form. a more perfect Union; second, to establish justice; third, to insure domestic peace; fourth, to provide for the blessings of liberty to themselves and their posterity.

 The makers of the Constitution had no choice but to continue the dual system of government, a system under which each of the states would look after its own affairs while a general government would attend to matters that the states could not deal with effectively. (35)( )

 No other plan would win the support of any state. This is a basic fact to be kept in minD。 The problem was to construct a sovereign nation made up of many sovereign states. The federal government must be built in such a way as to keep it from coming into conflict with the state governments. In solving the problem of the relation of the whole to the parts, (36)( )

 We are now prepared to look briefly at the Constitution itself. What are its leading principles? What are its leading provisions? First of all, the Constitution is based on the principle of delegation of powers. This means that it provides for a national government that has only those powers granted to it in the Constitution by the people. Before it can act in a matter the federal government must find the power to do so in the Constitution. Powers not granted to the United States by the Constitution nor denied by it to the state are reserved to the states or to the people themselves. The states thus have powers that the federal government does not have. (37)( )

 Each state makes its own laws on these matters.Next, the Constitution provides for a federal government based on the principle of the separation of powers. It provides for three distinct departments of government: legislative, executive and judicial. All legislative power granted by the Constitution is given to Congress; the executive power is given to the President; and the judicial power is given to the Supreme Court and other federal courts. The Constitution has many provisions intended to keep each department independent and strong. Each department has ways of exerting some control over the others. In this way no department can become all-powerful. The President is Commander-in-Chi of the army and navy, but all the money for supporting an army and navy must be appropriated by Congress. The Supreme Court has power to declare a law passed by Congress and approved by the President unconstitutional and without effect, (38)( )

 The powers granted to the federal government by the Constitution are great enough to make it strong and able to act vigorously in matters relating to the nation as a whole. Congress has the power to levy taxes, maintain an army and navy, declare war, regulate commerce among the states and with foreign nations, admit new states into the Union, and to do many other things. (39)( )

 The federal courts try all cases arising under the Constitution and under federal laws and treaties. If any state constitution or state law is in conflict with the federal Constitution or with any laws or treaties made in accordance with it, the state constitution or law must give way. (40)( )

A .People would then be subject to two sets of laws, those of the nation and those of the states in which they lived

B. The United States Constitution and the laws and treaties made under it are the Supreme Law of the Land

C. but the President appoints Supreme Court justices with the consent of the Senate, and they may be removed from office by Congress if they do not behave as they should

D .and it goes on to set forth six purposes in the minds of the people in making and adopting the new form. of government

E. This meeting was the Constitutional Convention a great turning point in American history

F. The federal government, for example, has no power to pass laws regulating marriage anddivorce in the states

G. The document was the Constitution of the United States

H. The changes have been made in two ways-by formal amendment and by interpretation by the Supreme Court

I. Before 1788 had ended, the Constitution had been approved in most of the states and in 1789 it went into effect

J. Americans made their chief contribution to political science the federal system

K. The President's powers include the making of treaties with foreign nations with the consent of the Senate

According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

The word insurmountable in the last paragraph probably means( )

To overcome start-up fatigue, we need( )

According to the passage, when keeping putting off a task, we can experience( )

Passage 6

 Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding-being blocked not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.

 We experience this tiredness in two main ways, as start-up- fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And the longer we postpone it, the more tired we feel.

 Such start-up fatigue is very real, even not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: willpower exercise. The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of other things I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attack the objectionable item first. To prevent start-up fatigue, always treat the most difficult job first.

 Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but we can- not seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.

Which of the following can be called an evil circle?

Nowadays, the athletes' expenses are paid for( )

The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics( )

Why cannot modern athletes' results be compared with those of ancient ones?

Passage 5

 In ancient Greece, athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of eus, King of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, and became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C.

 The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain, but events included boy's gymnastics boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.

 On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.

In the early days of ancient Olympic Games,( )

The resident who hit "Jersey gate" on the New Jersey Expressway must have( )

Patients are now advised to( )

A surgeon who has worked 40 hours in a row without sleep( )

According to the residents, they are short of sleep because( )

According to the author's last piece of advice, job applicants should be aware of( )

Passage 4

 Sleep is a funny thing. We're taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke-probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from sleeping soundly

 Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously short of sleep. It is not unusual for them to work 40 hours in a row without rest. They are not in the least worried about it, deliver the highest quality of medical care. But an article in the Journal of Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person’s motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is drunk. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence of alcohol is grounds for sacking often don't think twice about operating without enough sleep.

 I could tell you horror stories. says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website for residents. Some are terrifying. "I was operating after being up for over 36 hours, one writes "I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly planted my face into the wound.

 "Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work, "writes another. " know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a'Jersey gate' on the New Jersey Expressway, going 105km/h."

 "Your own patients have become the enemy writes a third, "because they are the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep.

 The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you're worried about the people treating you or a loved one, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more rested staffers are available.

Sleep is a funny thing because( )

When it comes to resume writing, it is advisable to( )

When writing about qualifications in the resume, job applicants are advised to( )

According to the passage, professionals looking for international careers( )

Passage 3

 Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic(长久的)personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.

 Professionals seek career experience outside their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children r culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV).The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one- or two-page document describing one's educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace(包含) two or more cultures in one document. The following list is good place to start

●Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case "cross-border" job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.

● Pay attention to the resume format you or reverse-chronological- order. Chronological order means listing your "oldest” work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.

● If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient(收件人)uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to "tertiary education "in the United Kingdom, but this term is rarely used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.

Companies are searching for talent outside their home countries because( )

According to the author, which of the following is true?

Problems give our life meaning by all of the following means EXCEPT

According to the author, which of the following makes life difficult?

Passage 2

 Life is series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?

 Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems. Without discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems.

 What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration or grief or sadness or loneliness or guilt or regret or anger or fear or anxiety or anguish or despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, en very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems. And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.

 Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, "Those things that hurt, instruct. "It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.

 I have stated that discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems. It will become clear that these tools are techniques of suffering, means by which we experience the pain of problems in such a way as to work them through and solve them successfully, learning and growing in the process. When we teach ourselves and our children discipline, we are teaching them and ourselves how to suffer and also how to grow.

 What are these tools, these techniques of suffering, these means of experiencing the pain of problems constructively that call discipline? These are four: delaying of gratification(满足),acceptance of responsibility, dedication to truth, and balancing. As will be evident, these are not complex tools whose application demands extensive training. To the contrary, they are simple tools, and almost all children are adept in their use by the age of ten. Yet presidents and kings will often forget to use them, to their own downfall. The problem lies not in the complexity of these tools but in the will to use them. For they are tools with which pain is confronted rather than avoided, and if one seeks to avoid legitimate suffering, then one will avoid the use of these tools.

The main point of this passage is that

People who use a little discipline

Aleatraz Island served as a federal prison between

The U. S. Army first used Alcatraz Island as

Alcatraz Island began to house civilian prisoners in

The first owner of Alcatraz Island is

Passage 1