2019年4月英语阅读(一)自考真题及答案(00595)

The tendency to move down in sociaTclass is less obvious, for a claim to an aristocratic birth, especially in Europe, has always carried a certain distinction, and (63)people have made tremendous efforts to obtain for their children the kind of opportunities they had for themselves.(64)In the twentieth century the increased taxation of higher incomes, the growth of the social service development of educational opportunity have considerably altered the social outlook.(65)The upper classes no longer are the sole, or even the main possessors of wealth, power and education,though inherited social positions still carries considerable prestige.

(66)Many people today are hostile towards class distinctions and privileges and hope to achieve a classless society.The trouble is that as one inequality is removed, another tends to take its place, and (67)the best that has so far been attempted is a society in which distinctions are elastic and in which every member has fair opportunities for making the best of his abilities.

(From Social Classes)

What will a student be able to do after taking the course of critical thinking?

(dead) The old woman was very sad about the_________of her only son.

What are the strong and weak points of beasts compared with humans?

moon month be reason decide example

each trade develop god call planet

There was a time in the early history of man when the days had no names! The (51) __________was quite simple: Man had invented the week.

In those days, the only division of times was the (52)___________, and there were too many days in the month for each of them to have a separate name. But when men began to build cities, they wanted to have a special day on which to (53)__________, a market day.

Sometimes these market days were fixed at evei^ tenth day, some every seventh or every fifth day. The Babylonians (54)___________that it should be every seventh day. On this day they didn't work, but met for trade or religious festivals.

The Jews followed their (55)_____, but kept every seventh day for religious purposes. On this day the week came into existence. It was space between market days. The Jews gave (56)___________of the seven days a name, but h was really a number after the Sabbath day (which was Saturday). For example, Wednesday was (57)_____________the fourth

day (four days after Saturday).

When the Egyptians adopted the seven-day week, they named the days after five (58)__________, the sun and the moon. The Romans used the Egyptian names for their days of the week: the day of the sun, of the moon, of the planet Mars, of Mercury, of Jupiter, of Venus, and of Saturn.

We get our names for the days not from the Romans but from the Anglo-Saxons, who called most of the days after their own (59)________, which were roughly the same as the gods of the Romans. The day of the sun became Sannandaeg, or Sunday. The day of the (60)_______was called Monandaeg, or Monday. The day of Mars became the day of the Tiw,who was their god of war. This became Tiwesdaeg, or Tuesday. Instead of Mercury’s name, that of the god Woden was given to Wednesday. The Roman day of Jupiter, the thunder, became the day of the thunder god Thor, and this became Thursday. The next day was named for Frigg, the wife of their god Odin, and so we have Friday. The day of Saturn became Saetemdaeg, a translation from the Roman, and then Saturday.

(From How Did the Days of the Week Get Their Names?)

(understand) Don’t    me—I’m not criticizing your decision.

(office) The report has not yet revealed________corruption in relation to road building.

(hand) John invited twelve people to his birthday party, but only a____of them came.

(easy) For him, learning French is________than learning Russian.

(frank) I'm concerned about your lack of marketing experience and,_________,you’re pretty new at all this.

(relation)He suffers from memory loss________to his disease.

(courage) When things aren't going well, my coach will______________me, telling me not to give up.

(hope) We tried to stop the flames from spreading, but we knew it was    

(reflect) In his latest collection of poems readers are confronted with a series of__________on death.

What is the passage mainly about?

The following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write the letter of the answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)小题分数@1

We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom-symbolizing an end, (31)__________—signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.

(32)___________. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. (33)_________for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe-the belief that the rights of man (34)_______, but from the hand of God.

(35)__________that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch (36) —bom in this century,

tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace，(37)__________—and unwilling to

witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, (38) _________ at home and around the world

(39) , whether it wishes us well or ill, that we sh^ll pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe,in order to assure (40)_________.

(From Inaugural Address)

A. Let every nation know

B. We dare not forget today

C. The world is very different now

D. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs

E. as well as a beginning

F. and to which we are committed today

G. proud of our ancient heritage

H. take all responsibilities

I. come not from the generosity of the state

J.has been passed to a new generation of Americans

K. the survival ad the success of liberty

L.the people of the lost generation

Which of the following is included in “vaudeville” according to the passage?

What helped baseball become a form of mass-mediated entertainment?

What did baseball games symbolize to workers in America in the latter part of the 19th century?

Passage 6

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

During the latter part of the 19th century, two kinds of entertainment developed in America to meet the needs of the new urban dwellers—the ballpark and vaudeville. Both kinds of entertainment helped to fill the growing amount of leisure time that workers enjoyed. Both later were transformed into mass-mediated (大众媒体化的)activities.

The first professional baseball team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings, was founded in 1869, and soon there were teams in all the major Eastern and Mid-western cities. The ballpark brought together crowds of strangers who could experience a sense of community within the big city as they watched a baseball game. Immigrants were able to shake loose their ethnic ties and become absorbed in the new national game, which was becoming representative of the “American spirit.” The green fields and fresh air of the ballpark were a welcome change from the sea of bricks, stone and eventually concrete that dominated the city scene.

Workers could temporarily escape the routine and dullness of their daily lives by indirectly participating in the competition and accomplishment that baseball games symbolized. Baseball reflected the competitiveness of the workplace and the capitalist ethic, as players were bought and sold and were regarded as property. The ballpark also provided a means for spectators to release their frustrations against authority figures.

Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

What do kids sometimes do to invite someone to prom?

How did Maggie manage to cut costs for the prom?

What can we learn about prom in the United States?

What can we learn from the last paragraph?

Passage 5

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Mary has a huge smile on her face. The 18-year-old from Arlington has a lot of reasons to be happy. Her high school graduation is just days away. She goes to Guatemala in the summer to work there with her church. Then, in the fall, she will head to Elizabethtown College in Pennsylvania.

But that is not why she is smiling right now. Tonight, in a beautiful long dress, with her hair perfectly curled, she is excited to be going to prom. A prom is a formal dance for high school students that’s usually at the end of the year.

Born in the United States more than 100 years ago, prom has spread to other parts of the world. In America, it has become an industry similar to the wedding business. A study found that, on average, an American family spends more than 900 dollars on prom.

Much of it is spent on what the young adults wear to the formal dance. And then there are costs linked to hair and makeup, flowers for prom dates,dinner and transpotation .It adds up. But some students find ways to make the event more economical .“I borrowed my dress,”says Maggie. Like Mary, Maggie is a senior at Yorktown High School in Arlington. She got her makeup done without cost by a friend.

Mary also cuts costs. She bought her dress online for far less than she would have paid in the stores. She also did her own hair. Many girls choose to get ready for the prom with friends.They might get their hair done at a beauty shop together or hire a Professional makeup artist to Share the costs.

Probably the least costly thing about prom is the ticket to the dance. Yorktown held its event at a hotel in Arlington. The tickets were $45. Maggie and Mary were among about 15 friends who spent the evening together. This is a common tradition. The kids will gather at a student’s house, and then go to dinner together at a restaurant.

What is probably the author’s professional job?

For what purpose do we need to develop our ability to think critically?

Passage 4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

Everyone is trying to convince you of something. And you spend a lot of time trying to decide what you should do, that is, trying to convince yourself. Thinking critically is a defense against a world of too much information and too many people trying to convince us. But it is more. Reasoning is what distinguishes us from beasts. Many of them can see better, can hear better, and are stronger. But they cannot plan, they cannot think through, they cannot discuss in the hopes of understanding better.

The author refers to the sports talk show on the radio to show____.

What does the author’s research on. people’s honeymoon experiences show?

What does the last paragraph suggest?

How do people feel when their partners fail to carry out the ritual?

In what situation is a man likely to explode over a minor incident?

Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

What did Montessori find is wrong with regular education?

What does the last paragraph say about the actual development of children?

Why did Montessori go back to the University of Rome?

What can we learn about, planes of child development from Paragraph 3?

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

Maria Montessori based her educational plan upon the observation of children in diverse cultures. Therefore, her discoveries are not accurately described as Montessori principles. They are universal principles of human behavior, which belong to all peoples, societies, and cultures. These universal principles are a sound foundation for educational systems everywhere.

What lesson did Raj learn from the boy?

What happened to Raj when his father fell sick?

Why did the ten-year-old boy sell toys in the evening?

Raj joined a bachelor's degree course instead of the desired course because____.

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Raj is a middle-aged man. Although he was bom in a poor family, he was raised well.His father owned a welding (焊接)shop, and used to work for more than 12 hours a day, so that his family could lead a comfortable life.

However, Raj’s father could not earn sufficient money to provide a decent life to his family. Being an average student in school, Raj used to score around 70 percent marks. Raj’s dream was to become a doctor. Since his marks weren’t very high, he could not get the desired course. Instead，he joined a bachelor’s degree course, completed the course successfully，and got a job in a company.

While his life was going on with no dramatic change, his father continued to work in his welding shop, so that he did not have to depend on Raj. After getting a permanent job, Raj got married and at the same time was also promoted in his job.

Later，Raj began to earn a handsome salary，and started to live luxuriously. He bought a new house. Although his company provided him with a car, Raj purchased a new car!