2018年4月全国自主考试英语阅读(一)真题及答案

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The city police often come into conflict with the FBI---the Federal Bureau of Investigation. [(63)FBI men, who do not wear uniforms, have the right to cross State borders if they are pursuing a suspect. ]They are responsible to the US Department of Justice, and have their headquarters in Washington, D.C.The head of the FBI is chief domestic intelligence advisor to the President.[ (64)The FBI men are more concerned with spies and agents hostile to the USA, radicals and Mafia (黑手党）bosses than they are with ordinary criminals,] but they do keep a record of all crimes, which city and State police can consult if they wish.[ (65)The FBI laboratory services, among the best in the world, are also available to local law enforcement agencies.]

The activities of the CIA---the Central Intelligence Agency---are now well known in every country in the world. [(66)The job of the CIA is to keep the Government informed of the activities of foreign agents and the secret preparations of hostile powers. ]CIA agents also work in countries the CIA’s actions do just the reverse, and in many parts of the world including countries friendly to the USA, they are disliked and even feared.[ (67)However, the CIA is just one of the many secret services which all countries use to protect themselves against possible enemies.]

(From The Police and the Intelligence Agents)

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For what did William Bradford and John Winthrop come to New England in 1620?

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Did the Indians in New England have anything to tempt the English colonist? And what did they have to teach the newcomers?

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 Another point to consider is Miller’s conception of (51)______the theatre should do. He is both a psychological and a social dramatist. As a psychological dramatist he studies character, the motives and reasons behind the behavior. of individuals, and presents them to his (52)______so that his individual characters become convincingly alive. Often, these people are ordinary, everyday types, but ones whose actions are made significant by the dramatist. For example, the lives of ordinary citizens (53)______bout their daily business in their homes may not obviously appear interesting, but the dramatist can indicate that their daily lives are important, that they are interesting or unusual as people and that the audience may see their own situations and paychological states (54)______in the characters the dramatist has created. Death of a Salesman is a good example of this. Of course, all dramatists and novelists try to make the actions of their characters relevant to other people, and most analyze closely the minds of the characters they have created in order to establish what makes them function as individuals. Where Miller differs from many of the others is in the type of person that he has created. Most of his (55)______are ordinary people: they do not seem to be different from anyone who can be met in any street; and this, it might be argued, adds force (56)______his plays, since none of the characters are remote---we share their feelings, and understand their difficulties. Also, Miller is able to show that (57)______people can rise above the ordinary when challenged.

Miller is a social dramatist in the sense that Death of a Salesman comments on the nature of society. Miller is concerned about society and the values which it holds. This means that Miller has often been regraded as an ally of the American Left, wishing to challenge the values of society, showing those values as (58)______, and suggesting that a change may be necessary. Drama can expose the ills of society, make people ware that there is something wrong with the system. (59)______with Miller’s attitude to society is his treatment of the middle class in the play. He was writing for the middle class as well as (60)______them.

(From Miller’s Theatre and Miller’s Ideas)

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(warm)He led the child into the______and safety of the house.

(understand)The committee has little or no______of the problem.

(suit)Applicants for the position must have______work experience.

(possible)Unless there is some change in the economy, there is a______that the plant may close.

(importance)These were accompanied, more______, by social policies aimed at encouraging early retirement.

(free)In a country where______of speech is guaranteed, citizens should expect to hear ideas with which they disagree.

(solution)This strategy could cause more problems than it______.

(legal)Michael is______responsible for the accident.

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(add)The facilities are available to visitors in______to those making private bookings.

(doubt)The man is still______whether he should accept this job.

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How did the author feel after one half day back in school?

What does the author think of Ms. Costelloe?

But she shook her head. “ I will do nothing to help you, nothing.”

He stepped towards her. He put out his hands and (31)______. She struck at his hand with a knitting needle. He caught her arms and held them with one hand, while his free hand went to her neck, (32)______. He pulled it free. It was them that he heard her give a litter cry, and her body fell back from him pulling at the hand(33)______.She was lying back in the chair. He let go of her arms: she made no move.

He stood there for a moment undecided. She was an old lady.(34)______.It couldn’t be true! She couldn’t be dead! She’d be all right in a few moment.

He went to the wall and found the picture(35)______. Nothing could be allowed to stop him now, not after all these weeks of work, listening to the servant talking to her friend(36)______where she went on her night off. He learnt that (37)______, and that the keys was on a chain round the old lady’s neck. He had done all that work to learn these things.

He put the jewel cases(38)______When the safe was empty he went back to the old lady. He put his hand on her heart. It was true: (39)______.

Well. What did it matter?(40)______. She couldn’t tell the police the few little things that she had learned about him.

(From Lady in the Dark)

A. she was dead

B. he buried her

C. she became angry

D. with which he held her arms

E. searching for the chain

F. which covered the safe

G. He had what he wanted

H. took her by the shoulder

I. He’d never meant is his way

J. in the pockets of his raincoat

K. the safe was behind the picture

L. in the cafe three miles from here

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What else did Ms. Costelloe teach the author besides literature?

What did the author realize when going to hospital for the first time?

Passage 6

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

I was sixteen when I first spoke to Ms. Costelloe. She asked me where I got my coat. I was painfully shy and barely managed to spit out the name of the store. The following year, still hopelessly shy, I joined her English class. Illness soon took over my life after that, and from there Ms. Costelloe became my strong support, and would continue to be so over the next three years.

I suffer from a disease called Social Anxiety Disorder and it had shaken my world. When I thought I had no one to turn to, I found hope in the smile of one particular teacher. She had not only opened my mind up to the wonderful works of Emily Bronte, she has also encouraged my own creative writing. She has not only inspired me to read more and create more, she has also given me a zest for life. She has shown me that I do not need to run away from my diagnosis, instead she has helped me come to terms with it.

The first time I went to hospital I found it almost impossible to imagine continuing in school. I was seventeen and scared of both leaving and staying in the walls of education. I was cajoled(巧妙地说服）into going back for one half day, first class English. After the forty minutes of Wuthering Heights, the bell rang, ending the lesson. Ms. Costelloe asked me to stay back. She spoke softly and kindly about how I was missed and how she was happy to see me back. It gave me a sense of place, a class to look forward to, a reason to come back to school.

I let myself fall in love with great poets and sad novels. I didn’t know what illness I was battling with yet, but I knew reading and writing soothed it. Ms.Costelloe has picked me up every time. She has calmed me down from many a panic attack and her words have given me the courage to face my diagnosis.

She is not just an English teacher, amazing at that as she is; she is also a teacher of life. She has given me life lessons that I carry with me each and every day. I can honestly say she is the reason I am still alive, living not just existing. She is truly the best teacher any student could hope to come across, and I thank her for all she has taught me in three short years.

How did the author respond to Ms. Costellow’s question at their first meeting?

According to the last paragraph, new family stories are perhaps made up to ______.

This passage about family storytelling is basically______.

The author thinks that poor parent-child relationship may be related to______.

One of the functions of family storytelling is to______.

Passage 5

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Storytelling allows families to transmit family love and values from parents or grandparents to children, and to help children mature, make sense of their world, learn about their ancestry, and to facilitate parent-child relationships.

Family narratives are collections of stories made up by family members. They are either based on real occurrence, embellished(美化的) events, or fantasy material. Such family-storytelling has been shown to have numerous advantages. For example, family narratives help children develop values through communicating limits, boundaries, and family-endorsed morality. In addition to providing children with a clear sense of right and wrong as perceived by a given family, family stories are also used to pass along parental insights and knowledge. This process of transmitting knowledge may be critical to positive parent-child relationships, as the absence of family stories had been shown to be related to difficulties among parents to establish a caring or meaningful relationship with their children. Similarly, the process of parental storytelling has been related to enhanced parent-child relationships.

Family stories can be new or old. Some family stories are passed down across generations and often give strong messages about the historical background of the family, the hardships they have endured, and the values that have helped them carry on. Some stories span a single generations but have become powerful narratives with a strong message, perhaps of survival, perhaps of joy. Other stories are new, perhaps created to help a family or select members cope with a current situation. All family stories are told for a reason, even if that reason is purely for entertainment. May families have cherished family stories that are cause for laughter year after year; sharing such stories over and over can be a strong bonding experience. Parents telling fairytales and legends are telling stories of the culture.

What does “ to convert the Indians to Christianity” mean in Paragraph 2?

When did Peru become a colony of Spain?

The general difference between the English colonists and the earlier colonists is that the latter______.

Who overcame the Aztec empire with only two hundred men?

What was Clifford proud of when he lived in his hometown?

Passage 4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

While in Flanders, Clifford Chatterley______.

Clifford was probably born in______.

Clifford decided to go back home to the smoky midlands so that______.

What is the proper title for the passage?

An Oscar statue won in 2011 can be sold to .

Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

Ours is essentially a tragic age, so we refuse to take it tragically. The disaster has happened, we are among the ruins, we start to build up new little habitats, to have new little hopes. It is rather hard work: there is now no smooth road into the future, but we go round, or scramble over the obstacles. We’re got to live, no matter how many skies have fallen.

This was more or less Constance Chatterley’s position. The war had brought the roof down over her head. And she had realized that one must live and learn.

She married Clifford Chatterley in 1917, when he was home for a month on leave. They had a month’s honeymoon. Then he went back to Flanders: to be shipped over to England again six months later, more or less in bits. Constance, his wife, was then twenty-three years old, and he was twenty-nine.

His hold on life was marvelous. He didn’t die, and the bits seemed to grow together again. For two years he remained in the doctor’s hands. Then he was pronounced a cure, and could return to life again, with the lower half of his body, from the hips down, paralysed(瘫痪) for ever.

This was in 1920. They returned, Clifford and Constance, to his home, Wragby Hall. His father had died, Clifford was now a baronet(准男爵), Sir Clifford, and Constance was Lady Chatterley. They came to start housekeeping and married life in the rather helpless home of the Chatterleys on a rather inadequate income. Clifford had a sister, but she had departed. Otherwise there were no near relatives. The elder brother was dead in the war. Disabled for ever, knowing he could never have any children, Clifford came home to the smoky Midlands to keep the Chatterley name alive while he could.

He was not really depressed. He could wheel himself about in a wheeled chair, and he had a bath-chair with a small motor attachment, so he could drive himself slowly round the garden and into the melancholy(令人忧郁的)park, of which he was really so proud, though he pretended not to be so.

Having suffered so much, the capacity for suffering had to some extent left him. He remained strange and bright and cheerful. Yet still in his face one saw the watchful look, the slight vacancy of a disabled man.

The first paragraph mainly tells us to     .

What is the Oscar Award originally called?

What does the word “intrigue” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

In what way are hummingbirds unique compared with other birds?

What will a hummingbird do if ti sees an unwelcome bird in its territory?

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

Hollywood produces dozens, if not hundreds, of movies annually. Although a significant number of them are meant solely for entertainment and possess little-to-no artistic value, there are also movies in which actors’ performance, plot, camera work, atmosphere, and other components are so brilliant that they deserve to be awarded.

In the beginning of the 20th century, such an award had been established; nowadays known as the Oscar Award, it has become a mass culture event year by year throughout almost a century. The Oscar Awards ceremony was initiated(创始）by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science (AMPAS), formed in 1927 with the goal to honor talented actors, directors, cameramen, and other people involved in the cinema industry.

The first ceremony of awarding was held in May, 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. Surprisingly, the initial ceremony was a rather private event, with only a little over a hundred people being invited, and with the price for tickets equalling only ＄5. Originally, there were 12 categories and two special honors, and there was no intrigue in the ceremony itself: the names of all the winners were announced in advance, and the ceremony itself served only for handing out the awards and for the banquet.

To start with, its name is not Oscar; officially it is called “ The Academy Award of Merit,” and “Oscar” is just a nickname. Nowadays, the Oscar is traditionally made of gold-covered metal. At the same time, despite its cultural value, an Oscar statue is incredibly cheap-it costs only ＄1. If an actor or another award nominee wanted, for some reason, to sell their Oscar statue, they are obliged to sell it only to the Academy, for the estimated price of ＄1. Such practice has been enabled since 1950, and every winner announces whether he or she wants to keep or to sell the statue. In 1989, the heirs of a producer Mike Todd wanted to sell the Oscar statue he received for his movie” Around the World in 80 Days,” but the Academy successfully blocked the deal. However, those Oscars that were awarded before 1950 can be sold and bought freely; for example, the statue received by Orson welles for “ Citizen kane” was sold in 2011 for ＄861,542.

The Academy Award of Merit is a sign of recognition of actors, directors, and other people related to the production of a movie, for their contribution and talent. The ceremony has gradually become one of the main annual events in world culture.

Every year Hollywood produces a large number of movies      .

Where does the name “hummingbird” come from?

What can we learn about hummingbird bills?

Passage1

Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage.

Hummingbirds included the smallest birds in the world, but they belong to one of the largest group of birds, the Trochilidae family. These birds are found in deserts, mountains, and plains, but most live in tropical rain forests. Their name refers to the humming sound made by their tiny, beating wings; each species creates a different humming sound, depending on the speed of its wing beats.

There are 328 hummingbird species. The smallest is the bee hummingbird from Cuba, and the largest is the giant hummingbird from South America. Hummingbird bills(喙）come in different sizes and shapes, too. The long bill is adapted to collect nectar(花蜜）from flowers. The bill protects the long, split tongue and allows each hummingbird species to feed from specific types of flowers. Hummingbirds are called nectarivores(食蜜类）,because about 90 percent of their diet is the nectar from flowers. They also snack on insects. A hummingbird hunts insects by flying and diving to snap them up out of the air.

If a hummingbird sees a bird that it doesn’t want in its territory, it gives a high-pitched warning and starts doing dive attacks. Other hummers and even birds of different species often join in to dive-bomb the unwelcome bird until it leaves. The hummingbird is fearless, as it can overcome everything unless taken by surprise.

When it comes to flying, nobody does it better. Like a helicopter, a hummingbird can go up, down, sideways, backward, and even upside down! Most of its wings are made of hand bones instead of arm bones like other birds’wings. When hovering, the wings turn in opposite directions and then reverse themselves in a figure-eight movement. Hummingbirds also have muscles that power both the up and down stroke instead of just the down stroke, as in other birds. Then can beat their wings from 20 to 200 times per second. Hummingbirds are such good fliers that most of them never walk.