英语国家概况自考2015年10月真题及答案解析

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The Cuban Missile Crisis
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The U.S. Presidency
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Civil List
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Black Death
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What is American’s most important patriotic holiday?
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What is the name of the radio educational system through which children learn their lessons in Australia?
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Politically how many states and territories does Australia have?
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What is the major difference the Puritans and the Pilgrims in American colonial times?
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What important proclamation did President Lincoln issue to make the Civil War a just one?
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What is the basic instrument of American government and the supreme law of the land?
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What kind of service does the National Health Service (NHS) provide in the U.K.?
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Who is the current heir to the British throne according to law and convention?
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What does Oxbridge stand for?
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What was one of the most far-reaching consequences of the Second World War to Britain?
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The Lake of Taupo was formed by a(n)_______.
- A.big tsunami
- B.horrible flood
- C.terrible earthquake
- D.enormous volcanic eruption
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Since_______, earthquakes in New Zealand do not usually cause many deaths.
- A.the land is hilly
- B.there are many mountain lakes
- C.many areas of the country are not heavily populated
- D.the central plateau in North Island is dominated by 3 volcanic mountains
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In Australia, traffic drives on the_______of the road.
- A.single line
- B.middle
- C.right side
- D.left side
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In Australia, as people with different traditions and customs interact with eachother, a peculiar blend of different______will be emerging.
- A.politics
- B.societies
- C.cultures
- D.philosophies
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Henry VIII was the first king to bring all_______under English control.
- A.Wales
- B.Europe
- C.Ireland
- D.Scotland
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In 1921 the British signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty to_______.
- A.start a civil war
- B.keep Ireland out of World War Ⅱ
- C.found the Irish Republican Army
- D.establish an Irish Free State in Northern Ireland
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Most of Australia lies between 20°S and 35°S which is a_______area in the world.
- A.hot and wet
- B.hot and dry
- C.dry and windy
- D.dry and sunny
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The Prairie Provinces which lie west of Ontario are ideal for______and are thinly settled.
- A.fishing
- B.mining
- C.tourism
- D.growing wheat
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After the Seven Years’ War from 1756 to 1763, the French were forced to giveUp_______of Canada to Britain.
- A.parts
- B.the east
- C.the whole
- D.the northwest
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By the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada_______.
- A.took Newfoundland as its tenth province
- B.became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations
- C.found rich oil fields in Alberta and other western provinces
- D.opened the St. Lawrence Seaway for further growth in economy
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Which statement about the American political parties is NOT true?
- A.In general, America has a two-party system.
- B.The Constitution makes no provisions for political parties.
- C.Political parties are the basis of the American political system.
- D.The Democrats and the Republicans dominate politics only at the federal level.
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_______were those American writers who reported truthfully and objectivelythe life in the slums in the last decades of the 19th century and first decade ofthe 20th century.
- A.Realists
- B.Naturalists
- C.Transcendentalists
- D.Modernist
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38. The ambassadors, ministers and consuls appointed by the U.S. President mustbe confirmed by the _______.
- A.Senate
- B.House
- C.Supreme Court
- D.State Department
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The three giants in auto industry in the U.S. are_______.
- A.General Motors, Ford, Chrysler
- B.General Motors, Toyota, Chrysler
- C.General Motors, Nissan, Chrysler
- D.General Motors, Volkswagen, Chrysler
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According to the provisions for constitutional amendment, the Congress mayinitiate an amendment by a_______vote in each house.
- A.half
- B.one-third
- C.two-thirds
- D.three-fourths
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In order to be successful, a candidate for the U.S. Presidency must receive atleast_______electoral votes.
- A.200
- B.270
- C.435
- D.538
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In the postwar years the United States continued to emphasize government involvement and adopted the ________in running the economy.
- A.Keynesian theory
- B.Marxist theory
- C.Truman Doctrine
- D.Monetarist policies
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Apart from the stagnation, the American economy is now facing another problem of_______.
- A.foreign debts and trade deficit
- B.foreign debts and trade surplus
- C.overproduction and trade deficit
- D.overproduction and trade surplus
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_______was NOT a cornerstone of the postwar American economic boom.
- A.Increasing investment in agriculture
- B.An ever-increasing military spending
- C.Automobile manufacturing for the growing new communities
- D.A construction boom to provide houses and schools for all children
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In February 1972, President_______visited China and met Chairman Mao andthe two countries issued the Shanghai Communique.
- A.Nixon
- B.Carter
- C.Ford
- D.Reagan
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_______was the result of the struggle between the great powers for control ofthe world and military expansion of the countries of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and militarist Japan.
- A.The Cold War
- B.The Korean War
- C.The First World War
- D.The Second World War
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The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to_______.
- A.abolish social security systems
- B.reduce government regulation and control
- C.discourage industries from developing too fast
- D.“save American democracy” as he himself put it
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The American containment policy towards the Soviet Union, made by President Truman in 1949, lasted until_______.
- A.1975
- B.1989
- C.1991
- D.1998
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In the U.S., the first blow to the stock market came on October 24, 1929,which was called ________.
- A.the black Monday
- B.the black Friday
- C.the black Thursday
- D.the black Tuesday
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On August 4, 1914, American President______issued an official statementproclaiming American neutrality in the First World War.
- A.Harry Truman
- B.Theodore Roosevelt
- C.Woodrow Wilson
- D.Franklin D. Roosevelt
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The American Civil War broke out mainly because________.
- A.Abraham Lincoln was elected president
- B.Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published
- C.the southern states controlled land, raw materials and labor that the North needed
- D.the southern states broke away from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America
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The Articles of Confederation was very important in all the following EXCEPT that______.
- A.it provided for no king
- B.it declared independence from Great Britain
- C.it was a written constitution for the United States
- D.it created a central government in the form of a Congress
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In the late 15th century, supported by the Spanish queen, ChristopherColumbus, ________, discovered the New World.
- A.an Italian navigator
- B.a Danish navigator
- C.an English navigator
- D.a Portuguese navigator
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In September 1783, _______was signed and Britain recognized theindependence of the United State.
- A.the Articles of Confederation
- B.the Bill of Rights
- C.the Declaration of Independence
- D.the Treaty of Paris
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One of the features of the early colonists which play a role in the formation ofAmerican character is_______.
- A.religious intolerance
- B.respect of individual rights
- C.strong form of government
- D.discouragement of individual enterprise
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_______, the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe, has itstraditional home in England.
- A.Golf
- B.Football
- C.Cricket
- D.Basketball
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Open University?
- A.It is a non-residential university.
- B.It is open to all to become students.
- C.It admits students only from Britain.
- D.It offers degree and other courses for adult students of all ages.
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The two major parties in Britain since 1945 are_______.
- A.the Whig Party and the Tory Party
- B.the Labor Party and the Liberal Party
- C.the Labor Party and the Conservative Party
- D.the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party
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In the U.K., government ministers are responsible collectively to_______for allCabinet decisions.
- A.the Queen
- B.the Parliament
- C.the Privy Council
- D.the Prime Minister
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In Britain, _______is the largest of the Free Churches, originated in the 18thcentury following the evangelical revival under John Wesley (1703-1791).
- A.the Methodist Church
- B.the Baptist Church
- C.the Church of England
- D.the Church of Scotland
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In January 1973, Britain finally became a full member of the______.
- A.Commonwealth
- B.European Economic Community
- C.North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- D.Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
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_______, who found that his policy of appeasement of German aggression wasno longer tenable, was forced to declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939.
- A.Churchill
- B.George VI
- C.Chamberlain
- D.Elizabeth Ⅱ
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The interval between General Elections in the U.K. is ______years.
- A.2
- B.4
- C.5
- D.8
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A good result of the agricultural enclosure was that_______.
- A.tenants were evicted from their lands
- B.riots erupted in many areas where the peasant farmers went
- C.a new class hostility was introduced into rural relationships
- D.farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up the small
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The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the______.
- A.late 16th century and early 17th century
- B.late 17th century and early 18th century
- C.late 18th century and early 19th century
- D.late 19th century and early 20th century
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Which of the following is TRUE about Britain in World War II?
- A.It lost all her national wealth.
- B.It was left gravely impoverished.
- C.It devoted half of her strength to the war.
- D.It entered a period of economic and financial boom.
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_______was the only monarch that was condemned to death and executed inBritish history.
- A.Charles Ⅰ
- B.Charles Ⅱ
- C.James Ⅰ
- D.James Ⅱ
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In British history, the First Civil War broke out in_______.
- A.1640
- B.1642
- C.1645
- D.1649
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The main causes for Henry Ⅷ’s religious reform of the Church were thefollowing EXCEPT_______.
- A.pressure from the Pope
- B.Henry’s need for money
- C.accumulated desire for change and reform in the Church
- D.public resentment for the privilege and wealth of the clergy
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The Domesday Book states all the following EXCEPT_______.
- A.the history of the land
- B.the ownership of the land
- C.the value of the land
- D.the extent of the land
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The spirit of Magna Carta was_______.
- A.the increasing of the powers of serfs
- B.the limitation of the powers of the king
- C.the increasing of the powers of the Church
- D.the limitation of the powers of the Norman lords
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The causes of the Hundred Years’ War was partly_______ and partly economic.
- A.racial
- B.political
- C.religious
- D.territorial
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The Celts began to arrive at Britain around______and kept coming until thearrival of the Romans.
- A.600 BC
- B.600 AD
- C.700 BC
- D.700 AD
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Among the British kings, ______ was known as “the Confessor” because of his religious piety.
- A.Hemy Ⅱ
- B.King AIfred
- C.King Harold
- D.King Edward
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The Vikings, who came form_______, attacked various parts of England formthe end of the 8th century.
- A.Norway
- B.France
- C.Germany
- D.Denmark
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