英语国家概况自考2015年04月真题及答案解析

Thatcherism

American federal system

The Progressive Movement

What does the kiwi (a nocturnal bird) mean to the New Zealanders?

Alfred the Great

According to Australian Aboriginal culture, what is the relationship between the people and the environment?

What incident made the United States formally declare war against the Axis powers in World War II?

What is the U.S. President’s official residence?

What are the three principal functions of the system of higher education in the United States?

What institution in the U.K. is the largest single employer of labor?

What accounts for a major source of population growth in the United States?

When was Princess Elizabeth crowned Queen Elizabeth II in Westminster Abbey?

In which year did the English navy defeat the Armada (the Spanish fleet),establishing England’s superiority as a naval power?

What were the two conflicting sides during the English Civil War in the 17th century?

Waitangi Day is New Zealand’s _______.

• A.Labor Day
• B.National Day
• C.New Year’s Day
• D.Independence Day

There are______all over New Zealand.

• A.bogs
• B.deserts
• C.wetlands
• D.mountains

In recent years Australian governments have encouraged people with differentethnic backgrounds to______and this policy is called multiculturalism.

• A.change their cultures
• B.keep their own cultures
• C.learn from other cultures
• D.give up their own cultures

In 1996, Australia’s population is about 18 million or about______peopleto the square kilometer.

• A.two
• B.three
• C.four
• D.five

Australia’s Eastern Highlands are better known as_______.

• A.the Dividing Range
• B.the Great Barrier
• C.the Great Dividing Range
• D.the Great Barrier Range

In 1948, Ireland voted itself_______the Commonwealth and on April 18, 1949 declared itself a republic.

• A.into
• B.out of
• C.a part of
• D.a member of

In 1885, the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed and the country waslinked______.

• A.from north to south
• B.from coast to coast
• C.with the United States
• D.with South America

According to the textbook, Canada is a_______country with a_______ population of 26,300,000.

• A.large/large
• B.small/large
• C.large/small
• D.small/small

There is/are_______official language(s) in Ireland.

• A.one
• B.two
• C.three
• D.four

_______ was the spokesman for the“Lost Generation”.

• A.Ernest Hemingway
• B.T. S. Eliot
• C.Theodore Dreiser
• D.Richard Wright

Montreal became a major port in Canada because it is_______.

• A.next to Ottawa
• B.next to the city of Quebec
• C.in the province of Quebec
• D.on an island in the St. Lawrence River

In the early 1900s, the kind of two-year colleges that emerged to meet theimmediate need of the economic expansion and rapid rise in immigrants of the times was the______.

• A.liberal arts college
• B.community college
• C.research university
• D.doctoral university

_______is a historical, national and religious holiday that began with the Pilgrims.

• A.Christmas Day
• B.Thanksgiving Day
• C.New Year’s Day
• D.Valentine’s Day

_______is regarded as Mark Twain’s master work.

• A.The Gilded Age
• B.Life on the Mississippi
• C.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
• D.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

There is a certain degree of similarity in the U.S. elementary school curriculum, which mainly consists of mastery of the“basics”，such as_______.

• A.reading, writing and arithmetic
• B.science, visual arts and grammar
• C.science, history and music
• D.reading, writing and music

In order to make sure that the new government would not misuse its powers,the writers of the Constitution set up a system of_______in the form ofseparation of powers.

• A.winner-take-all
• B.mutual supervision
• C.checks and balances
• D.voluntary supervision

Generally, the number of presidential electors in the U.S. is______the number of Senators and Representatives each state has in Congress.

• A.equal to
• B.less than
• C.more than
• D.10% more than

Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is NOT true?

• A.The Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
• B.The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world.
• C.The Constitution was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in the same year.
• D.The Constitution has provided the basis for its political stability, economic growth and social progress.

U.S. Government involvement in the economy increased dramatically duringthe______.

• A.Great Depression
• B.period of prosperity
• C.Second World War
• D.Progressive Movement

In the U.S., ________produce about 85% of the total output of goods and services.

• A.state-run enterprises
• B.government enterprises
• C.people in independent professional practice
• D.the privately owned and operated businesses

______was the beginning of American involvement in Vietnam.

• A.Japanese surrender in 1945
• B.The outbreak of the Korean War
• C.The French invasion of Indochina
• D.Truman’s decision to send military aid to Vietnam to support the French

Which statement about the U.S. economy is NOT true?

• A.It is both an economic and technological giant.
• B.The U.S. is by far the biggest industrial country in the world.
• C.It is first in such advanced fields as computers, space, nuclear energy and electronics.
• D.It produces a major portion of the world’s industrial products and its share is growing rapidly.

The great impacts of the Vietnam War on American society included thefollowing EXCEPT that______.

• A.there was great unity within the ruling circle
• B.the image of the United States was discredited
• C.the United States was weakened because of the long war
• D.people were divided in their attitudes towards American society

______was NOT among the contents of President Roosevelt’s New Deal.

• A.Cancellation of federal labor laws
• B.Establishing social security systems
• C.Stimulating the recovery of industry and agriculture
• D.Strengthening government regulation and control of banking, credit and currency systems

The leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union and_______met three times during the Second World War.

• A.France
• B.Britain
• C.Japan
• D.Germany

______lived on the land by hunting, gathering, fishing and fanning evenbefore the discovery of the New World.

• A.The Puritans
• B.The Indians
• C.The Pilgrims
• D.The black slaves

The result of the War with Mexico was that______.

• A.Texas was added to the Union
• B.the United States paid 10 million dollars to Mexico
• C.Mexico agreed to give Louisiana to the United States
• D.Mexico was forced to agree to give California and New Mexico to the United States

The American Civil War ended in_______and cost America 618,000 lives.

• A.1861
• B.1863
• C.1865
• D.1873

A______who practices with 7,000 patients or more in England may apply for fundholding status.

• A.barrister
• B.professor
• C.magistrate
• D.general practitioner

According to the textbook, the British public reads more______than virtually any other country in the world.

• A.novels
• B.magazines
• C.newspapers
• D.scientific essays

According to the textbook, the five most populous cities in the United Statesare______.

• A.New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami and Detroit
• B.New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Pittsburgh and Philadelphia
• C.New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, New Orleans and Philadelphia
• D.New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco and Philadelphia

As the oldest British institution, the______has lasted for more than 1,000 years.

• A.Cabinet
• B.Monarchy
• C.Parliament
• D.Privy Council

London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of_______.

• A.Lord Chancellor
• B.Ministry of Justice
• C.the Home Secretary
• D.the Attorney General

During the First World War, the Allies included_______.

• A.France, Italy and Turkey
• B.Britain, France and Russia
• C.Germany and Austria-Hungary
• D.Britain, Germany and Austria-Hungary

Agricultural changes in the late 18th century Britain were caused by thefollowing EXCEPT_______.

• A.the Enclosure Acts
• B.Robert Bakewell’s selective breeding
• C.small farms cultivated on the“open-field”
• D.new agricultural machinery invented by Jethro Tull

The Bill of Rights (1689) was finally accepted by______thus marking the beginning of the age of constitutional monarchy.

• A.James I
• B.James II
• C.Charles II
• D.William and Mary

The two events which most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closingdecades of the 18th century were_______.

• A.the Enlightenment and French Revolution
• B.the Industrial Revolution and French Revolution
• C.the American War of Independence and French Revolution
• D.the Hundred Years’ War and the American War of Independence

The_______lasted intermittently for 30 years.

• A.Civil War
• B.First World War
• C.Wars of the Roses
• D.Second World War

_______ was responsible for the English Reformation in British history.

• A.Elizabeth I
• B.Henry Ⅷ
• C.Alfred the Great
• D.William the Conqueror

The most famous literary work written by John Milton in the late 17th century was_______.

• A.Paradise Lost
• B.Julius Caesar
• C.Dr. Faustus
• D.Pilgrim’s Progress

_______ treated 5 questions - her religion, her marriage, her foreign policy,her succession to the throne, and her finance - as personal and private.

• A.Elizabeth I
• B.Elizabeth II
• C.Mary Stuart
• D.Mary Tudor

The Peasant Uprising of 1381 in Britain_______.

• A.was brutally suppressed
• B.was a great success in English history
• C.hindered the development of capitalism
• D.had little significance in English history

The name of the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) is given to the intermittentwar between_______.

• A.France and England
• B.Spain and England
• C.Germany and England
• D.America and England

The Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses, of which the most important oneswere the following EXCEP that_______.

• A.no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council
• B.the Church should possess all its rights together with freedom of elections
• C.London and other towns should give up their ancient rights and privileges
• D.no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his propertyexcept by the law of the land

One particular feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners took oath of allegiance for the land they held______.

• A.to their immediate lord, but not to the king
• B.to the king, but not to their immediate lord
• C.neither to their immediate lord nor to the king
• D.not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king

The Celtic tribes are NOT ancestors of the_______.

• A.Irish
• B.Welsh
• C.English
• D.Highland Scots

_______, among the British monarchs, was regarded as “the father of theBritish navy”.

• A.Henry Ⅱ
• B.Henry Ⅷ
• C.Alfred the Great
• D.William the Conqueror

The Romans remained in control of Britain for about______years.

• A.100
• B.200
• C.300
• D.400

There are three_______divisions on the island of Great Britain: England,Scotland and Wales.

• A.social
• B.cultural
• C.religious
• D.political