英语国家概况自考2014年10月真题及答案解析

Tehran Summit (1943)

The Beatles

Watergate Scandal

The Economist

What are the two main islands that make up New Zealand?

Who was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control?

Where did the name “Canada” come from?

Who were called the Anti-federalists in the U.S. history?

What is the most important factor that has influenced the population distribution in Australia?

What do Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots describe?

What were the American wartime objectives after the Pearl Harbor bombing?

What kind of people do British popular newspapers appeal to?

What are the British official public holidays also called?

What are the main functions of the British Parliament?

The rainfall in Ireland is______that in Britain.

• A.less than
• B.similar to
• C.much less than
• D.more than

Ireland declared itself a republic in______.

• A.1932
• B.1937
• C.1948
• D.1949

According to the textbook, _______is the most highly developed region ofCanada.

• A.Prairie provinces
• B.Atlantic provinces
• C.the Canadian Shield
• D.St. Lawrence-Great Lakes provinces

The province of lies on the Pacific coast of Canada, which is a land ofrugged mountain ranges and fertile river valleys.

• A.Nova Scotia
• B.Newfoundland
• C.British Columbia
• D.New Brunswick

The short growing season and thin, rocky soil of the Atlantic provinces inCanada have made_______difficult.

• A.mining
• B.fishing
• C.fanning
• D.lumbering

Although Australians are the descendents of many nations, most Australiansare of_______descent.

• A.British
• B.Asian
• C.Scandinavian
• D.Indian

With a history of more than 40,000 years, the dominant aspect of AustralianAboriginal culture was_______.

• A.their tribal gatherings
• B.their belief in the Dreamtime
• C.the balance between man and nature
• D.a friendly relationship among different tribes

Among the four Australian cities with a population of more than one million, which one is located on the western coast?

• A.Perth.
• B.Brisbane.
• C.Adelaide.
• D.Melbourne.

According to the textbook, for the last 20 years Arizona, Nevada and_______ have been the fastest growing states in population.

• A.Florida
• B.Alaska
• C.Montana
• D.New Mexico

Which of the following is NOT a reason for Australia’s dry and hot climate?

• A.Australia has few mountains.
• B.The equator runs through Australia.
• C.Distance from the ocean affects the weather.
• D.The air masses that affect Australia are mostly dry, sunny and high pressure cells.

Higher education in the United States started with the founding of_______.

• A.Yale University
• B.Harvard College
• C.Stanford University
• D.Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Which of the following is the largest group of racial and ethnic minorities in the United States?

• A.The Indians.
• B.The blacks.
• C.The Hispanics.
• D.The Asians.

_______was regarded as the leader of the Transcendentalist Movement inAmerica.

• A.Mark Twain
• B.Walt Whitman
• C.Ralph Waldo Emerson
• D.Nathaniel Hawthorn

According to the textbook, the U.S. has a_______.

• A.state-run economy with a dominant public sector
• B.state-run economy with a dominant private sector
• C.free-market economy with a dominant public sector
• D.free-market economy with a dominant private sector

The immediate cause of America’s entry into World War II was_______.

• A.the Japanese invasion of China
• B.the Japanese air attack on Pearl Harbor
• C.the German invasion of the Soviet Union
• D.the German submarine attack on American ships

The U.S. President cannot veto a law if Congress passes the law again by a _______vote.

• A.two-thirds
• B.three-fifths
• C.one third
• D.one fifth

According to the textbook, which statement about the current situation of black Americans is NOT correct?

• A.The black people enjoy more rights than ever before.
• B.The employment situation is very unfavorable to the blacks.
• C.Inequality and subtle discrimination against the blacks still exists.
• D.The poverty rate of the blacks is the lowest among all racial and ethnic groups.

Contradiction between American Congress and the Executive sharpenedduring the Vietnam War, which resulted finally in the passing of the______.

• A.Marshall Plan
• B.War Power Act
• C.Truman Doctrine
• D.Taiwan Relations Act

The leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain held______ summit meetings during World War II.

• A.two
• B.three
• C.four
• D.five

The open declaration of the U.S. containment policy toward the Soviet Unionwas made by_______.

• A.George Kennan
• B.Harry Truman
• C.Franklin Roosevelt
• D.Teddy Roosevelt

The cornerstones of the post-war economic boom (1945—1960s) in the U.S.were the industries of automobile, housing and_______.

• A.defense
• B.mining
• C.food processing
• D.service

Which of the following is run by the government at the federal, state or local levels?

• A.Coal industry.
• B.Steel industry.
• C.Motor industry.
• D.Postal service.

After the conclusion of the First World War, President______put forward a program of Fourteen Points, which was praised by many as liberal and progressive.

• A.Hoover
• B.Roosevelt
• C.Wilson
• D.Johnson

The Second Continental Congress in 1775 was held in______.

• A.Philadelphia
• B.Boston
• C.Washington
• D.New York

American Congress has many functions, but the most central is______.

• A.the representation of the people
• B.the passage of laws
• C.the discussion of amendments
• D.the settlement of differences

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are also called_______.

• A.the Federalists Papers
• B.the Great Compromise
• C.the Bill of Rights
• D.the Articles of Confederation

The policy of containment of Communism led the U.S. into the war in_____which turned out to be the longest war it fought.

• A.Korea
• B.Congo
• C.Greece
• D.Vietnam

At the turn of the 20th century, a group of reform-minded journalists called_______made investigations and exposed dark sides of the seeminglyprosperous American society.

• A.Muckrakers
• B.New Radicals
• C.Yellow Journalists
• D.Free Riders

In_______, some British Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship calledMayflower to escape religious persecution.

• A.1520
• B.1620
• C.1720
• D.1820

The Archbishop of _______ is one of the spiritual of the Church of England.

• A.Canterbury
• B.Wales
• C.Birmingham
• D.London

The British Prime Minister lives at______.

• A.Buckingham Palace
• B.No. 10 Downing Street
• C.Whitehall
• D.Windsor

Which of the following is a daily newspaper in the U.K.?

• A.The Sun.
• B.The People.
• C.News of the World.
• D.Sunday Mirror.

During the_______, literature is primarily artistic, rather than philosophicaland scholarly.

• A.Chartist Movement
• B.Reformation
• C.English Renaissance
• D.Elizabeth’s reign

Which statement about Britain and the Second World War is NOT correct?

• A.Winston Churchill led his country to final victory in 1945.
• B.Britain suffered far more military causalities in the Second World War than in the First.
• C.The German Blitz radically changed the face of London for the first timesince the Great Fire nearly 3 centuries earlier.
• D.As a result of the war Britain lost one-quarter of her national wealth and entered upon a period of economic difficulties.

A General Election in Britain must be held every______years and is oftenheld at more frequent intervals.

• A.two
• B.three
• C.four
• D.five

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Puritans?

• A.They wanted to purify the Church of England.
• B.They were not wealthy and well-educated gentlemen.
• C.They saw the New World as a refugee provided by God.
• D.They were not satisfied with the political corruption of England.

Out of the war settlement for the First World War came the establishment ofthe_______, which also created tensions giving rise to the Second World War20 years later.

• A.confederate union
• B.federal union
• C.League of Nations
• D.United Nations

One of the most far-reaching consequences of the Second World War wasthat it_______the end of Britain’s empire.

• A.prevented
• B.blocked
• C.slowed down
• D.hastened

The British Parliament consists of the following EXCEPT______.

• A.the Sovereign
• B.the House of Lords
• C.the House of Commons
• D.the House of Representatives

The purpose of the crusades from the 11th to 13th centuries was to gainpossession of the Christian holy city of______from the Islamic Empire ofthe Turks.

• A.Rome
• B.Vatican
• C.Mecca
• D.Jerusalem

The First Civil War (1642一1646) in Britain was fought between_______.

• A.the King and the Parliament
• B.the nobles and the middle class
• C.the Presbyterians and Catholics
• D.the yeoman farmers and the artisans

The Wars of the Roses were a death blow to_______.

• A.serfdom
• B.capitalism
• C.feudalism
• D.the Church Of England

_______modified and improved the design of the steam engine in 1765.

• A.James Watt
• B.Abraham Darby
• C.Richard Arkwright
• D.Henry Court

The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the late______century.

• A.16th
• B.17th
• C.18th
• D.19th

_______is generally regarded as the beginning of the modem world history.

• A.The English Civil War
• B.The English Renaissance
• C.The Hundred Years’ War
• D.Elizabeth’s religious reform

Renaissance, the traditional period between the Middle Ages and modemtimes, was______.

• A.the restoration of the Church of England
• B.the restoration of Parliament and Privy Council
• C.the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history
• D.the revival of contemporary literature and artistic styles in European history

_______declared that he, and not the Pope, was the Supreme Head of the Church of England in 1535.

• A.James Ⅰ
• B.Charles Ⅰ
• C.James Ⅱ
• D.Henry Ⅷ

In the 17th century England, _______founded the Commonwealth to replacethe monarchy.

• A.Guy Fawkes
• B.Philip Augustus
• C.Oliver Cromwell
• D.Sir Francis Drake

Which of the following is NOT a comedy written by Shakespeare?

• A.Hamlet.
• B.As You Like It.
• C.Merchant of Venice.
• D.Mid-Summer Night’s Dream.