英语国家概况自考2014年04月真题及答案解析

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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Bill of Rights (1689)
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Industrial Revolution
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The U.S. system of checks and balances
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What was the movement that took place at the turn of the 20th century demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions in the U.S.?
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In Australia, people can use radio to call doctors who will come y plane. What are those doctors called?
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When did Canada become a partner nation with Britain?
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What is the main characteristic of American economic system?
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What was the name of the ship that carried 201 pilgrims to the New World in 1620?
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According to the text, what is agreed to be the completion of the foundation of the American constitutional system?
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When did the name of Great Britain come into being?
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Who became the first woman prime minister in Britain in 1979?
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What do BA, MA, and PhD stand for respectively in the British higher learning system?
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Who was the“Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England”?
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New Zealand often has earthquakes because ______.
- A.the length of the country is too long from east to west
- B.there is a fault line which runs the length of the country
- C.the length of the country is too long from south to north
- D.the country is geographically divided into too many parts
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In Australia, the main reason that so many people prefer to live in a coastal city or town is a(n) ______ one.
- A.cultural
- B.political
- C.economic
- D.environmental
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In New Zealand, over three-fourths of the land is more than 200 meters above sea level, and much of it is_______.
- A.wet
- B.hilly
- C.sandy
- D.boggy
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“School of the Air” refers to ______ in Australia.
- A.schools which train pilots
- B.schools where people can learn how to fly
- C.a school system where children go to school by air
- D.a radio educational system through which children learn their lessons
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The ______ of Ireland is described as “mild, moist and changeable” since extreme cold, long frosts, heavy snows in winter and scorching days in summer are uncommon.
- A.valleys
- B.lowlands
- C.weather
- D.temperature
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Lake Eyre is regarded as Australia’s largest lake, but most of the time ______.
- A.it has no water at all
- B.it has very little water
- C.only half of the lake has water
- D.only parts of the lake have water
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Ireland is one of the most ______ countries in Europe.
- A.Puritan
- B.Muslin
- C.Catholic
- D.Christian
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While he failed to find the passage to Asia, ______ opened the interior of Canada to French fur trades and later colonizers.
- A.John Cabot
- B.Henry Hudson
- C.Jacques Cartier
- D.Samuel de Champlain
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In 1971, the Canadian government adopted a policy of multiculturalism and encouraged its immigrants to maintain their particular ______ heritages since then.
- A.cultural
- B.political
- C.industrial
- D.agricultural
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It is commonly believed that death was one of the great themes of ______ poetry.
- A.T. S. Eliot’s
- B.Emily Dickinson’s
- C.Walt Whitman’s
- D.Langston Hughes’s
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The song “Should old acquaintance be forgot and days of auld lang syne” is usually sung on the eve of ______.
- A.Thanksgiving Day
- B.Independence Day
- C.Christmas
- D.New Year’s Day
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Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, is in the province of ______.
- A.Alberta
- B.Quebec
- C.Ontario
- D.Atlantic
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The highest duty of the U.S. President is ______.
- A.the amendment of bills
- B.the execution of the law
- C.the management of economy
- D.the regulation of trade disputes
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The three principal functions of higher education in the U.S. are ______.
- A.teaching, research and publication
- B.teaching, research and public service
- C.teaching, research and voluntary service
- D.teaching, research and vocational training
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In 1787, 55 delegates from all the states met at ______ to revise the Articles of Confederation.
- A.Chicago
- B.New York
- C.Philadelphia
- D.Washington D. C.
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The U.S. Constitution requires the ______ to be a natural-born American citizen at least 35 years of age.
- A.President
- B.Vice-president
- C.House Speaker
- D.House Majority leader
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According to the text, despite its evident weakness the Articles of Confederation had done one important thing: ______.
- A.they formed a new nation
- B.they set up a new government
- C.they empowered Congress to tax
- D.they provided for a national court system
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In the U.S., the ______ are government-run at the federal, state or/and local levels.
- A.ship-building, car-making and national defense
- B.postal service, car-making and national defense
- C.road system, ship-building and national defense
- D.road system, postal service and national defense
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Senator McCarthy was called a big liar in ______ in the U.S.
- A.the Korean War
- B.the Civil Rights Movement
- C.the Vietnam War
- D.the anti-Communist hysteria
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The fast growth of American economy can be attributable to geographical location, ______.
- A.rich mineral resources, immigration and good quality of labor forces
- B.military industries, enough labor supply and good quality of labor forces
- C.rich mineral resources, enough labor supply and good quality of labor forces
- D.rich mineral resources, enough labor supply and good quality of education
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The idea of containment towards the Soviet Union was first brought up by ______ , a high-ranking official in the American embassy to Moscow.
- A.Harry Truman
- B.George Kennan
- C.George Marshall
- D.Franklin D. Roosevelt
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American policy towards the Soviet Union in the Second World War was centered on the following considerations EXCEPT ______.
- A.keeping the Soviet Union in the war
- B.being watchful about Soviet expansive intention
- C.getting the Soviet Union into the war against Japan
- D.working out a strategy of alliance with the Soviet Union
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The most important issue in ______ diplomacy after Pearl Harbor was the formulation of a grand strategy of Europe first.
- A.Soviet-American
- B.Franco-American
- C.Sino-American
- D.Anglo-American
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______ was NOT a feature in the growth of the American economy in the early20th century.
- A.A mushroom growth of cities
- B.A slow development of steel industry
- C.A rapid development of new technology
- D.A growth of industrial and financial mergers
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The ______ in the U.S. has been described by many historians as a period of material success, spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.
- A.1890s
- B.1920s
- C.1930s
- D.1950s
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Black slavery disappeared in the north because of the following EXCEPT that ______.
- A.the price of slaves was high
- B.the North disliked black slaves
- C.the North turned towards industry
- D.the Africans could not stand cold winters in the North
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The first ______ were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.
- A.Blacks
- B.Hispanics
- C.Indians
- D.Mexicans
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In September, ______, the Treaty of Paris was signed and Britain recognized the independence of the United States.
- A.1776
- B.1781
- C.1783
- D.1785
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Supported by the ______ queen, Christopher Columbus discovered the NewWorld in the late 15th century.
- A.Spanish
- B.Danish
- C.Portuguese
- D.Norwegian
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According to the textbook, there are ______ big cities with a population over two million in the U.S.
- A.5
- B.15
- C.21
- D.30
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______ is NOT a popular division of the British national newspapers based on the differences in style and content.
- A.Quality newspapers
- B.Popular newspapers
- C.Spectator newspapers
- D.Mid-market newspapers
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______ University was the oldest British university dating from the 12th century.
- A.Oxford
- B.Glasgow
- C.Edinburgh
- D.Cambridge
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In the United Kingdom, central judicial responsibility lies with the following EXCEPT ______.
- A.Lord Chancellor
- B.Ministry of justice
- C.the Home Secretary
- D.the Attorney General
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______ was one of the two established churches in Britain.
- A.The Baptist Church
- B.The Methodist Church
- C.The United Reformed Church
- D.The Church of Scotland
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In each member state of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Queen is represented by ______.
- A.a consul
- B.a general
- C.an ambassador
- D.a Governor-General
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Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ, the current monarch of the U.K., came to the throne in ______.
- A.1950
- B.1952
- C.1954
- D.1956
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The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of ______ Members of Parliament (MPs).
- A.551
- B.601
- C.651
- D.701
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During the late 18th and early 19th centuries the ______ system ended when the Enclosure Acts were introduced.
- A.“tenant”
- B.“feudal”
- C.“open-field”
- D.“enclosed field”
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The First World War was fought ______.
- A.at the end of the 19th century
- B.at the end of the 20th century
- C.at the beginning of the 19th century
- D.at the beginning of the 20th century
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As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 ______.
- A.the workshop of the world
- B.an agricultural country
- C.the workshop of auto industry
- D.the production center of grain
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The Wars of the Roses were fought between ______ .
- A.the House of Lancaster and the House of York
- B.the House of Lancaster and the House of Kent
- C.the House of Winchester and the House of York
- D.the House of Winchester and the House of Commons
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______ was generally regarded as the greatest writer in the English language.
- A.Ben jonson
- B.Edmund Spencer
- C.William Shakespeare
- D.Christopher Marlowe
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The English Civil War in the 17th century is also called the ______.
- A.Puritan Revolution
- B.English Reformation
- C.English Renaissance
- D.Industrial Revolution
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The Magna Carta was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between ______ .
- A.the crown and the barons
- B.the king and the parliament
- C.the aristocrats and the middle class
- D.the monarch and the working people
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______ in the 14th century was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas.
- A.Bird Flu
- B.Black Death
- C.Yellow Fever
- D.Scarlet Fever
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Among the following groups of people, the ______ came to Britain first.
- A.Jutes
- B.Angles
- C.Saxons
- D.Normans
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The English people got their name from the Angles who came from ______.
- A.France
- B.Norway
- C.Denmark
- D.Germany
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According to the feudal system in England, ______ owned all the land personally.
- A.the king
- B.the serfs
- C.the knights and freemen
- D.the barons
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The official name of the U.K. is ______.
- A.England
- B.Great Britain
- C.the British Isles
- D.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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______ was the Roman general who invaded Britain for the first time in 55 BC.
- A.Claudius
- B.Agricola
- C.Augustus
- D.Julius Caesar
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