自考英语国家概况2009年7月真题及答案解析

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"Manifest Destiny"
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Electoral College
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How many political divisions are there in Australia? What are they?
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NHS
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Whigs and Tories
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What happened after the English king was declared the head of the Church of Ireland, replacing the Pope?
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Under what treaty was modern New Zealand founded?
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What happened to the French colony after the Seven Years’ War between Britain and France?
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Why is the board of trustees which governs American colleges and universities composed primarily of laymen?
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What are the two special powers of the Senate in America?
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Why did the American Civil War break out?
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What is the cause of the decline of the British Empire?
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Why is the English Civil War also called the Puritan Revolution?
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What dose the British Parliament consist of?
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The dominant aspect of Aboriginal culture was ______.
- A.rock paintings and story-telling
- B.religious ceremonies
- C.the Dreamtime
- D.the balance between the people and their environment
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The following animals are unique to Australia EXCEPT ______.
- A.kangaroos
- B.emus
- C.budgerigars
- D.koalas
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In 1971, the Canadian Government adopted a policy of ______, recognizing that cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework was the essence of the Canadian identity.
- A.unilingualism
- B.multilingualism
- C.biculturalism
- D.multiculturalism
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Which of the following is the longest river in Australia?
- A.The Murray.
- B.The Clutha.
- C.The Swan River.
- D.The Shannon River.
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According to the new federal Immigration Act (1978), the following are the fundamental objectives of Canadian immigration law EXCEPT ______.
- A.family reunion
- B.concern for refugees
- C.promotion of the economic development of the country
- D.preservation of British culture
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New Zealand is about 1,500 km to the ______.
- A.northeast of Australia
- B.southeast of Australia
- C.northwest of Australia
- D.southwest of Australia
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Canada is bounded on the north by ______, on the west by ______, and on the east by ______.
- A.the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean
- B.Antarctica, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean
- C.the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean
- D.Antarctica, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean
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The first British settlers came to New Zealand in 1840 through ______, and they hoped to start model colonies by planned migration.
- A.the New Zealand Company
- B.the British East India Company
- C.a private immigration agency
- D.the Dutch East India Company
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Ireland’s population has been ______ during the past 100 years.
- A.stable
- B.increasing
- C.on decline
- D.doubled
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The six goals set by President Bush in his "America 2000" Plan are all the following EXCEPT ______.
- A.eliminating drugs and violence from the school
- B.improving the nation’s high-school graduation rate to at least 80%
- C.requiring students to demonstrate competency in English, mathematics, science, history and geography
- D.ensuring that all adult Americans were literate
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Although relatively small in area, Ireland is large enough to show distinct regional variations in ______.
- A.climate
- B.ethnic minorities
- C.religion
- D.language
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According to the Constitution, the American President must take care that all laws be faithfully executed. To carry out this responsibility, he presides over ______ of the federal government.
- A.the legislative branch
- B.the executive branch
- C.the judicial branch
- D.the American Congress
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In America, the two major parties are really not very different today. But on economic issues, the ______ traditionally favors government intervention while the ______ stresses the role of the market more.
- A.Democratic Party, Republican Party
- B.Republican Party, Democratic Party
- C.Whig Party, Democratic Party
- D.Whig Party, Republican Party
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According to the American Constitution, the Vice President shall be President of ______.
- A.the Senate
- B.the Congress
- C.the House of Representatives
- D.the Cabinet
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After the Watergate scandal happened in 1972, the President ______ had to resign. He is the first president to do so in the U.S. history.
- A.Ronald Reagan
- B.Harry Truman
- C.John F. Kennedy
- D.Richard Nixon
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______ was elected president because in the late 1970s, the American society turned conservative.
- A.Ronald Reagan
- B.Jimmy Carter
- C.Richard M. Nixon
- D.George Bush
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During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President ______ decided to use the naval forceto prevent military material and arms from getting into Cuba.
- A.Franklin D. Roosevelt
- B.Harry Truman
- C.John F. Kennedy
- D.Ronald Reagan
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After the Geneva Conference, the United States replaced ______ and became the main force in providing aid for ______.
- A.France, the North Vietnam government
- B.France, the South Vietnam government
- C.Britain, the North Vietnam government
- D.Britain, the South Vietnam government
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Which of the following is NOT true about McCarthyism?
- A.It was the reflection of anti-Communism on the American society.
- B.It refers to the anti-Communist hysteria in the United States.
- C.The court played a role in approving the lawfulness of anti-Communist activities.
- D.It frightened a large number of Americans who felt it would be more dangerous to conform than to disagree with the majority.
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The decision of the setting-up of a world organization—the United Nations was made at the ______.
- A.Yalta Conference
- B.Geneva Conference
- C.Teheran Conference
- D.Paris Conference
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The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union basically originated from ______.
- A.their different goals during the Second World War
- B.their different attitudes toward Germany
- C.their different attitudes toward Eastern Europe
- D.their separate concepts of postwar world order
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The real purpose of the Marshal Plan is to ______.
- A.prevent Greece and Turkey from falling into the hands of the Soviet Union
- B.support any country which said it was fighting against Communism
- C.help Western Europe recover from the disrupted industrial production
- D.prevent Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion
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After the World WarⅠ, the result of the ______ was the emergence of the ______.
- A.Peace Conference, Treaty of Paris
- B.Paris Conference, Versailles Treaty System
- C.Teheran Conference, Versailles Treaty System
- D.Paris Conference, Munich Agreement
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As a result of ______, the territory owned by the United States almost doubled.
- A.the Louisiana Purchase
- B.the peace treaty with Mexico
- C.the Gadsden Purchase
- D.the armed uprising of the Americans in Texas
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______ was not an idealist, not a dreamer, so he presented to Congress his program known as ______.
- A.John F. Kennedy, the New Frontier
- B.Theodore Roosevelt, the New Deal
- C.Woodrow Wilson, the program of New Freedom
- D.Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal
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In 1865, ______, which banned slavery, was added to the American Constitution.
- A.the Tenth Amendment
- B.the Thirteenth Amendment
- C.the Declaration of Independence
- D.the Bill of Rights
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In 1787, all of the states except Rhode Island were represented to revise the Articles of Confederation at ______.
- A.the First Continental Congress
- B.the Second Continental Congress
- C.the Constitutional Convention
- D.the First US Congress
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Which of the following is NOT true about the Bill of Rights?
- A.It was meant to protect the blacks for the right to vote, to use the public facilities and to enjoy the same education as white people.
- B.It was the first ten amendments to the American Constitution.
- C.It was not until the federalists agree to the Bill of Rights Amendments that ratification of the Constitution was assured.
- D.It guarantees the basic rights for the individual such as the freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and so on.
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Rupert Murdoch’s News International, one of the largest publishing corporations, owns the following national papers EXCEPT ______.
- A.the Times
- B.the Sun
- C.News of the World
- D.the Daily Telegraph
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The Declaration of Independence clearly explained the political theory behind the American Revolution which came from ______.
- A.the British philosopher John Locke
- B.the Italian philosopher John Locke
- C.the American president George Washington
- D.the American statesman Thomas Jefferson
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Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from ______.
- A.Asian and Hispanic countries
- B.African countries
- C.European countries
- D.Central and South American countries
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The British universities are governed by ______ or by ______ and enjoy academicfreedom.
- A.royal charters, Act of Parliament
- B.the People’s Charter, the Reform Act of 1832
- C.the Great Charter, the Bill of Rights
- D.the Petition of Right, the Test Act
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The Church of England is NOT free to change its form of worship, as laid downin ______, without the consent of Parliament.
- A.the Bill of Rights
- B.the Provisions of Oxford
- C.the Constitutions of Clarendon
- D.the Book of Common Prayer
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The leader of the House of Lords is ______.
- A.the Archbishops of Canterbury
- B.the Monarch
- C.the Prime Minister
- D.the Lord Chancellor
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In the United Kingdom, police officers are NOT allowed to join ______ or to go on strike.
- A.a trade union
- B.a political party
- C.a club
- D.a society
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Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of farming in England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?
- A.Use of artificial fertilizer.
- B.Introduction of new agricultural machinery.
- C.The“open-field”system.
- D.A system of crop rotation.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about Elizabeth I?
- A.Elizabeth I broke Mary’s ties with Rome.
- B.Elizabeth I restored her father’s independent Church of England.
- C.Elizabeth I’s religious reform was a compromise of views.
- D.Elizabeth I’s religious settlement was acceptable to both extreme Protestants and ardent Catholics.
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After the Restoration, British Parliament passed a series of severe laws called ______ against the Puritans, now known as Nonconformists.
- A.the Act of Succession
- B.the Petition of Right
- C.the Clarendon Code
- D.the Act of Supremacy
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The spark of the First World War was struck at Sarajevo on June 28 ______, whenthe ______ Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.
- A.1913, German
- B.1914,Austrian
- C.1913, Bulgarian
- D.1914, English
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The word Renaissance is from ______, meaning “rebirth”, and was first applied by the ______ historian Jakob Burckhardt in 1860.
- A.English, Swiss
- B.French, Italian
- C.French, Swiss
- D.English, Italian
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The Religious Reformation in England was led by King ______, and the direct cause was his divorce case with ______.
- A.Henry Ⅷ, Catherine of Aragon
- B.Henry Tudor, Elizabeth of York
- C.Henry Ⅱ, Eleanor of Aquitaine
- D.HenryⅠ, Matilda
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The significance of the Wars of the Roses was all the following EXCEPT that ______.
- A.feudalism received its death blow
- B.the great medieval nobility was much weakened
- C.the king’s power now became limited
- D.no less than 80 nobles of royal blood were killed in the wars
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______ is known as “the father of the British navy” as he founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea.
- A.Ethelred
- B.William
- C.Alfred
- D.Edward
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Which of the following is NOT true about“Domesday Book”?
- A.It was compiled to discover how much to be called upon to pay by taxes.
- B.It was so called because it seemed to the English like the Book of Doom used on Judgment Day.
- C.It was completed as the result of a general survey of England.
- D.It is kept in the public library in London.
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The Lollards were ______ who had played a very important role in the Peasant Uprising of 1381.
- A.poor priests and itinerant preachers
- B.poets and writers
- C.merchants
- D.craftsmen
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In the year 597, England began to be Christianized. It was mainly due to the work of ______.
- A.St. Augustine
- B.Constantine
- C.Pope Gregory
- D.Ethelbert, king of Kent
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______ is regarded by many Englishmen as the foundation of English liberties.
- A.The beginning of British Parliament
- B.The People’s Charter
- C.The Petition of Right
- D.Magna Carta of 1215
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During the fifth century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ______ invaded and conquered Britain.
- A.Angles and Celts
- B.Angles and Picts
- C.Angles and Britons
- D.Angles and Saxons
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The successful Roman invasion took place in ______, headed by ______.
- A.43 AD, the Emperor Claudius
- B.43 AD, Julius Caesar
- C.55 BC, Julius Caesar
- D.55 BC, the Emperor Claudius
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about Britain?
- A.Great Britain and England are geographical names.
- B.The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
- C.Britain has four political divisions on the island of Great Britain.
- D.British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth in 1931.
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