自考英语国家概况2008年7月真题及答案解析

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Federalist Papers
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Harlem Renaissance
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Wars of the Roses
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Independent School
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What are the three topographical regions in Australia?
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What do you know about Kiwi?
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Why did Ireland refuse to join in World War Ⅱ?
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What’s the most central function of the Congress in the United States?
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What are the two principal river systems in Canada?
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What is the guiding principle of community college?
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What is the British constitution made up of?
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Why did Hawthorne attack transcendentalism?
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In what way is Church of England uniquely related to the Crown?
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The population of Ireland is predominantly of ______ origin.
- A.Celtic
- B.Norman
- C.Danish
- D.Anglo-Saxon
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Ireland is divided into two political units. They are ______.
- A.Great Britain and Ireland
- B.the United Kingdom and Northern Island
- C.Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
- D.the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland
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Why did William I have the Domesday Book compiled?
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The first Englishman to visit New Zealand was ______.
- A.James Cook
- B.Abel Tasman
- C.Jacques Cartier
- D.John Cabot
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New Zealand is the first country in the world to get the new day because _____.
- A.it is located in the Southern Pacific Ocean
- B.it is just east of the International Date Line
- C.it is just west of the International Date Line
- D.it is located halfway between the equator and the South Pole
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Queensland is also called ______.
- A.the garden state
- B.the sunshine state
- C.the premier state
- D.the state of excitement
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Which of the following is NOT the factor of the hot and dry climate in Australia?
- A.Australia has few mountains.
- B.Most of Australia is far from the oceans.
- C.Most of Australia lies between 20°and 35°north.
- D.The air masses are dry, sunny, and high pressure cells.
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Australia is politically divided into ______ states and ______ territories.
- A.six, two
- B.six, three
- C.eight, two
- D.ten, two
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Why were the French troops in Canada defeated by the British during the SevenYears’ War?
- A.Because British troops are too strong to be defeated.
- B.Because they were not used to the weather in Canada.
- C.Because they did not get support from the local people.
- D.Because they did not receive the supplies they needed so badly.
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Which of the following is NOT included in the Prairie Provinces?
- A.Alberta.
- B.Manitoba.
- C.Saskatchewan.
- D.New Brunswick.
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In 1931 by ______ Canada was formally declared to be a sovereign nation andbecome a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
- A.the Quebec Act
- B.the Act of Union
- C.the Statute of Westminster
- D.the British North American Act
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Of all the symbols, ______ which are considered to represent fertility and new life, are most frequently associated with Easter.
- A.the lamb and the beef
- B.the egg and the rabbit
- C.the pumpkin and the turkey
- D.the spring peas and box of chocolate
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In 1836, ______ published his famous book Nature, which is the clearest statement of Transcendentalist ideas.
- A.Walt Whitman
- B.Emily Dickerson
- C.Nathaniel Hawthorne
- D.Ralph Waldo Emerson
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The origin of the American party system can be traced to ______.
- A.the conflict between Democrats and Republicans
- B.the constitutional debate between the Federalists and the anti-Federalists
- C.the struggle between those who supported slavery and those who opposed slavery
- D.the struggle between the Royalists and revolutionaries in the War of Independence
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In order to prevent the government from misusing its power, the writers of theConstitution worked out ______.
- A.Bill of Rights
- B.checks and balances
- C.the Articles of Confederation
- D.The Civil Rights Act of 1964
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In America, it is ______ that establishes policies for the education within its boundary.
- A.the state
- B.the mayor
- C.the federal government
- D.the governor of the state
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Which of the following was related to the upsurge in births?
- A.Oil industry.
- B.Automobile and housing.
- C.Housing and defense industries.
- D.Automobile and defense industries.
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The Supreme Court played a role in approving the lawfulness ofanti-Communist hysteria by ______.
- A.supporting the trial of Alger Hiss
- B.supporting President Truman’s executive order
- C.convicting 11 high-ranking Communist leaders
- D.deciding that the Smith Act was in line with the Constitution
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Which of the following is NOT true of the U. S. economy?
- A.There is little government involvement in the economy.
- B.The American economy is based largely on a free enterprise system.
- C.The American economy is characterized by a high degree of monopoly.
- D.Unemployment, inflation, financial deficit are the main problems in American economy.
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The ______ in the 1920s was the beginning of a long economic depression in theU.S.
- A.stock market crash
- B.political persecution
- C.government corruption
- D.government interference
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During the Second World War, American diplomacy largely was American diplomacy towards ______.
- A.Germany and Italy
- B.Germany and Japan
- C.Britain and France
- D.Britain and Soviet Union
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The open declaration of the containment policy toward the Soviet Union wasmade by ______ on March 12, 1949 in a speech to the joint session of congress.
- A.Truman
- B.George Kennan
- C.George Marshall
- D.Franklin Roosevelt
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Which of the following is NOT true about the Progressive Movement?
- A.It happened at the turn of the 20th century.
- B.It was an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.
- C.It demanded government regulation of the economy and social conditions.
- D.It was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms.
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______ Conference began on January 18, 1919 was actually a conference ofdivision of colonies of Germany, Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
- A.The Paris
- B.The Yalta
- C.The Teheran
- D.The Potsdam
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______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad bymaking the war a just war against slavery.
- A.Abraham Lincoln
- B.James Madison
- C.George Washington
- D.Thomas Jefferson
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The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 reflected ______ in American history.
- A.material success
- B.spiritual frustration
- C.intolerant nationalism
- D.rapid growth of economy
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The significance of the War of Independence is the following EXCEPT that ______.
- A.it paved the way for the development of capitalism in America
- B.it was a historic event, by which the American people gained independence
- C.it made both Britain and America realize that their disputes should be solved through negotiation
- D.it had great international influence—for instance, the colonies rose up one after another to overthrow colonial rule
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The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the ______ ContinentalCongress on ______.
- A.First, July 4, 1767
- B.First, July 14,1767
- C.Second, July 4,1776
- D.Second, July 14,1776
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The chief reasons for early settlers to come to the New Continent were thefollowing EXCEPT ______.
- A.to escape from poverty
- B.to seek better opportunity
- C.to practice religious toleration
- D.to escape religious persecution
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In the United States, the largest minority group is ______ while the fastest-growing minority group is ______.
- A.the Asian-American group, Hispanics
- B.the African-American group, European ethnic groups
- C.the African-American group, the Asian-American group
- D.the Asian-American group, the African-American group
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The Royal National Eisteddford, which dates back to 1176, takes place in ______for a week annually.
- A.Wales
- B.London
- C.Scotland
- D.Edinburgh
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Between the end of the civil war and 1880, there was a big populationmovement in the United States, with people moving ______.
- A.from the rural areas to cities
- B.from the core cities to the suburbs
- C.from the Northeast to the South and the West
- D.from the densely-populated east coast to the sparsely-populated west
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The University Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge has been rowed onthe Thames almost every ______ since 1836.
- A.spring
- B.summer
- C.autumn
- D.winter
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Which of the following statements about UK’s monarchy is NOT true?
- A.The Sovereign reigns, but doest not rule.
- B.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.
- C.The continuity of the monarchy has been broken only once.
- D.The monarchy is the oldest institution of government, going back to at least the 7th century.
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The Privy Council remained powerful until the 18th century when most of itswork was taken over by ______.
- A.Parliament
- B.the Cabinet
- C.the House of Lords
- D.the House of Commons
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Except that ______ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices in Britain are open without distinction to members of all churches or of none.
- A.the Lord Chancellor
- B.the Prime Minister
- C.the Home Secretary
- D.the Attorney General
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After the Opium War in 1840, China ceded Hong Kong to Britain and openedfive ports to British trade by ______.
- A.the Treaty of Paris
- B.the Treaty of Beijing
- C.the Treaty of Nanjing
- D.the Treaty of Tianjin
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Tories were traditionalists who were certainly against ______.
- A.hereditary monarchy
- B.Parliamentary reforms
- C.the Church of England
- D.strict maintenance of law and order
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Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of farming in the late18th and early 19th centuries?
- A.The “open-field” system.
- B.A system of crop rotation.
- C.Introduction of artificial fertilizer.
- D.Introduction of new agricultural machinery.
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On their acceptance of ______, William and Mary were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey. Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began.
- A.the Test Act
- B.Magana Carta
- C.the Bill of Rights
- D.the Petition of Right
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The English Renaissance was largely literary, and its finest representative dramatists were the following EXCEPT ______.
- A.Ben Jonson
- B.Geoffrey Chaucer
- C.William Shakespeare
- D.Christopher Marlowe
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Magna Carta was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between ______, a guarantee of the freedom of the church and a limitation of the powers of the king.
- A.the Crown and the barons
- B.the Crown and the church
- C.the Crown and Parliament
- D.Parliament and the working class
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The purpose of Henry Ⅷ’s reform was all the following EXCEPT ______.
- A.to alter theology in any way
- B.to get rid of Papal interference
- C.to make an independent church of England
- D.to get rid of the English Church’s connection with Pope
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The Restoration of the House of Stuart happened in the year 1660. The monarch who restored was ______.
- A.CharlesⅠ
- B.Charles Ⅱ
- C.JamesⅠ
- D.James Ⅱ
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______ summoned in 1265 the Great Council to meet at Westminster, a meeting which has been seen as that of the earliest parliament.
- A.King John
- B.Henry Ⅲ
- C.Prince Edward
- D.Simon de Montfort
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Under EdwardⅠ, Henry Ⅲ’s son, ______ was conquered (1277-1284) and came under the English Crown.
- A.Wales
- B.Ireland
- C.Scotland
- D.England
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______, king of England initiated the long, drawn-out struggle with France called the Hundred Years’ War.
- A.EdwardⅠ
- B.Edward Ⅱ
- C.Edward Ⅲ
- D.Henry Ⅲ
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William replaced ______, the council of the Anglo-Saxon kings, with ______.
- A.the Witan, Parliament
- B.the Grand Council, the Witan
- C.the Witan, the Grand Council
- D.the Grand Council, Parliament
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Which of the following tribes came to Britain first?
- A.The Jutes.
- B.The Gaels.
- C.The Angles.
- D.The Saxons.
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King Alfred made a treaty with Danes allowing them to keep the northern and eastern parts of England, which later became known as ______.
- A.Wessex
- B.Sussex
- C.Normandy
- D.the Danelaw
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Which of the following statements about the Commonwealth of Nations is NOT true?
- A.It has no special powers.
- B.It has 50 member countries in 1991.
- C.Its member nations are joined together for military purpose.
- D.It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.
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