2014年四川大学考博英语真题及答案

虽说分离的确是种美德，但是在社交媒体上过度分离，不仅会伤害友情更是会殃及事业前途。人们需要在私生活与职场生活、分离与炫耀、好心与惹人厌之间寻求一种良性平衡。

大多数与他人不愉快的经历都是无心的，很容易通过保持无成见的、公开诚恳的交流来补救。礼节性常识是一种有价值的优势，因为在很多场合，要获得第二次机会也许不切实际。

Some people prefer to stay in the same job for the same company, but others prefer to change jobs frequently. Please write a composition to discuss both sides and give your own opinion. Your composition should

be about 150 English words. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.

然而，退休后，社会安全福利只取代了一般人收入的约 40%。而多数财政顾问认为，退休者将需要大约 70%-80%工作时的收入，方能过上舒适的退休生活。

自由贸易就意味着竞争，而竞争则意味着风险，特别是当它影响到国家繁荣的时候。所以国家会想办法保护自己免遭自由贸易的冲击。

The impact of decentralization trends, of course, extends well beyond cities.Sprawling development patterns are destabilizing many of the suburbs that surround cities in this country. Older suburbs are experiencing the same challenges as cities:

failing schools, persistent crime, and the loss of jobs and businesses to other, further out suburbs. Even suburban areas that are developing rapidly are finding that explosive growth has its drawbacks, especially in the form. of overcrowded schools,but also in long commutes and the inability of local governments to pay for new roads, sewers, and other infrastructure.

In the wake of decentralizing economies, central cities remain the residence of “choice”for low-and moderate-income families. While poverty has declined in central cities, urban poverty rates are still twice as high as suburban poverty rates, 18.8 percent as against 9.0 percent in 2011 Cities and older suburbs are also

disproportionately home to families whose earnings are above the poverty level, but below median income (national median income is $37,000 a yeas and 200 percent of the poverty for a family of three is $27,000 a year).

The implications of concentrated poverty are severe. People in these neighborhoods often face a triple whammy: poor schools, weak job information networks, and scarce jobs. They are more likely to live in female-headed households and have less formal educations than residents of other neighborhoods.

俗话说，牙疼不是病，但疼起来真要命。前些日子我突然开始牙疼，随便找了点止疼药，希望赶紧止住疼痛。可试了好些天都不管用，最后还是得找牙医。

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We always try to _____ him with financial assistance if necessary.

The term “quality of life” is difficult to define. It (51) a very wide scope such asliving environment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, materialpossessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. (52) speaking, the quality of life,especially (53) seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree (54)which these various areas of life are available or provide (55) for the individual. 

Only one member of the committee _____ from the final report.

The politicians were discussing the best way to _____ democracy and prosperityin their country.

Since you intend to sell your house, how will you _____ of all the furniture?

At this school we aim to _____ the minds of all the students by reading.

Most doctors _____ on a diet which contains a lot of fat.

My grandfather sat back in his chair for a few minutes to _____ his next move inthe game.

The WHO has to come up with new and effective measures to _____ his nextmove in the game.

The Egyptians _____ an area almost equal to France and Spain combined.

I’m going to have to take these clothes off, for I ’m _____ to the skin!

Tom pointed out that the living standard of urban and _____ people continued toimprove.

The vast majority of people in any culture _____ to the established standard ofthat culture.

The government has promised to offer 10 million of emergency food aid to help______ the famine in this region.

The course _____ two year s’ training into six intensive months.

Make sure you pour the juice into the glass without _____ it.

We would like to _____ our customers of the best possible service.

The company has _____ over three decades into a multi-million dollarorganization.

My new laptop can _____ information much more quickly than my old computer.

The country ’s failure to abide by the Kyoto Protocol was _____ in all newspapers.

According to the passage, transformed language serves to _______.

The town was flooded when the river burst its banks. To make it worse, thestorm _____ outside.

The example of carbon pollution is used to illustrate _______.

The underlined word “credible” in Para. 3 means ______.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of misuse of language?

What can we infer from the last sentence?

Passage Six 

Some 60 years ago, George Orwell wrote an allegorical novel, called NineteenEighty-Four , to describe life in a futuristic Britain under a one party police-satepresided over by an all-powerful figure known as Big Brother. One of the fealures ofthe nasty world described by Orwell was its systematic misuse of language, whichwent by the name of “Newspeak”. By re-defining words and endlessly repeatingthem, the Ministry of Truth through the Thought Police was able to control whatpeople thought, and through that, their actions. Language was instrumental indestroying the culture. 

The same technique is being used by different people today, with similar effects.In all areas of public administration, the words “spouse”, “husband” and “wife” havebeen replace by the word “partner”, although the words are subtly but substantiallydifferent in meaning, and convey different realities. In some schools and universitydepartments, feminist ideologues have dictated that the personal pronoun “he” mustnot be used, and is replaced by the word “they”, which means something different.The word “homophobic”, which just a few years ago was used to describe a personwho supported vigilante action against homosexuals, is now being used to describeanyone who defends the universal definition of marriage. 

What is the financial outlook for this generation compared with their parents?

What does the story of “Andy and Ms. McClour” try to inform us?

Passage Five 

For this generation of young people, the future looks bleak. Only one in six isworking full time. Three out of five live with their parents or other relatives. A largemajority-73 percent-think they need more education to find a successful career, butonly half of those say they will definitely enroll in the next few years. No, they arenot the idle youth of Greece or Spain or Egypt. They are the youth of America, theworld’s richest country, who do not have college degrees and aren ’t getting themanytime soon. Whatever the sob stories about recent college graduates spinningtheir wheels as baristas or clerks, the situation for their less-educated peers is farworse. For this group, finding work that pays a living wage and offers some sense ofsecurity has been elusive. 

Despite the continuing national conversation about whether college is worth itgiven the debt burden it entails, most high school graduates without college degreessaid they believe they would be unable to get good jobs without more education. 

Getting it is challenging, though, and not only because of formidable debt levels.Ms. McClour and her husband, Andy, have two daughters under 3 and another duenext month. She said she tried enrolling in college classes, but the workload becametoo stressful with such young children. Mr. McClour works at a gas station. He hateshis work and wants to study phlebotomy, but the nearest school is an hour and halfaway. 

Many of these young people had been expecting to go to college since theystarted high school, perhaps anticipating that employers would demand skills highschools do not teach. Just one in ten high school graduates without college degreessaid they were “extremely well prepared by their high school to succeed in their jobafter graduation. ” These young people worried about getting left behind and werepessimistic about reaching some of the milestones that make up the American dream.More than half-56 percent-of high school graduates without college diplomas saidthat their generation would have less financial success than their parents. About thesame share believed they would find work that offered health insurance within thattime frame. Slightly less than half of respondents said the next few years wouldbring work with good job security or a job with earnings that were high “enough tolead a comfortable life ”. They were similarly pessimistic about being able to start afamily or buy a home. 

The online survey was conducted between March 21 and April 2, and covered anationally representative survey of 544 high school graduates from the classes of2006-11 who did not have bachelor ’s degrees. The margin of sampling error wasplus or minus 5 percentage points. 

 What does the underlined phrase “spinning their wheels ” mean in Paragraph 1?

What will the high school graduates probably do according to the article?

According to Susan Stauberg, a well-performed business should _____.

What will probably happen to Facebook?

The underlined phrase “at odds with” in the fourth paragraph has the closestmeaning of ____.

Passage Four 

Which of the following descriptions is INCORRECT about the campaign “Face It”?

Which of the following can best summarize the passage?

What is one of the challenges of the sustainability target mentioned in thepassage?

Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word “row” (Para.1)?

What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

The London 2012 sustainability watchdog embroiled in a row over the sports shipof the Olympic Stadium by Dow Chemical is to push the International OlympicCommittee to appoint an “ethics champion” for future Games. 

The Commission for a Sustainable London 2012 has been bruised by criticismover Dow’s sponsorship of the wrap that will surround the Olympic stadium,particularly since commissioner Meredith Alexander last month resigned in protest. 

Campaigners believe that Dow has ongoing liabilities relating to the 1984 Bhopaldisaster that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 20,000 people and the seriousinjury of tens of thousands more. Dow, which bought the owner of the plant in 2001,insists that all liabilities have been settled in full. 

Commission chairman Shaun McCarthy said that its tight sustainability remit didnot extend to acting as moral guardian of the Olympic movement but that it wouldpress for such a role to be created when evaluating sponsors for future Games. 

In addition to sponsoring the 7m pounds wrap that will surround the OlympicStadium, Dow has a separate 100m dollars sponsorship deal with the IOC that wassigned in. 

But McCarthy also defended the commission ’s role in evaluating the Dow deal,after Amnesty International wrote to London 2012 chairman Lord Coe to raise theissue. 

“What has been lost in all of this story is that a really excellent, sustainableproduct has been procured, we looked at Locog ’s examination of Dow Chemical ’scurrent corporate responsibility policies and, again, Dow achieved that highest scorein that evaluation. We verified that. ” said McCarthy. 

“As far as the history is concerned and issues around Bhopal, there is no doubtBhopal was a terrible disaster and snore injustice was done to the victims. Who isresponsible for that injustice is a matter for the courts and a matter for others. Wehave a specific remit and terms of reference that we operate under and we haveoperated diligently under those terms. ” 

The commission will on Thursday release its annual review. It finds that “goodpress” has been made to wands many of Locog ’s sustainability target, but that“major challenges” remain.In particular, the commission found that there was no coherent strategy toachieve a 20% reduction in carbon emissions after an earlier scheme to userenewable energy feel through when a wind turbine on the site proved impractical. 

“We had conversations with Locog over a year ago about this and said they hadto demonstrate how they were going to achieve at least 20% carbon reductionsthrough energy conservation if they ’re not going to do it through renewable energy, ”said McCarthy. “There are some good initiatives, but quite frankly they just haven ’tdone it.” 

Why was Dow ’s sponsorship criticized according to the passage?

The purpose for affected nations to meet in Algiers on May 30 is ____.

Which of the following is true?

People are alert at the threat of the locust because ____.

The favorable breeding ground for the locust is ____.

The government-run command post in Tunis is staffed around the clock bymilitary personnel, meteorologists and civilians. On the wall are maps, crisscrossedwith brightly colors arrows that painstakingly track the fearsome path of the enemy. 

What kind of invader gives rise to such high-level monitoring? Not man, notbeast, but the lowly desert locust （蝗虫）. In recent moths, billions of the 3-inch-long winged warriors have descended on Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia,blackening the sky and eating up crops and vegetation. The insect invasion, theworst in 30 years, is already creating great destruction in the Middle East and is nowtreating southern Europe. The current crisis began in late 1985 near the Red Sea.Unusually rainy weather moistened the sands of the Sudan, making them idealbreeding grounds for the locust, which lays its eggs in the earth. The insectonslaught threatens to create yet another African famine. Each locust can eat itsweight (not quite a tenth of an ounce) in vegetation every 24 hours. A good-sizeswarm of 50 billion insects eats up 100,000 tons of grass, trees and crops in a singlenight. 

The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of____.

To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that weshould ____.

The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.

From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those____.

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by abureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in themachinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated factories and pipedmusic, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling doesnot alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact,the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance tothe tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. 

The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might findthemselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquireany real satisfaction of interesting life. They live and die without ever havingconfronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally andintellectually independent and productive human beings. 

Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no lessempty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in somerespects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind isnot a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply fortheir first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture ofsubmissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again andagain-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors,who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant needto prove that one is as good as or better than one ’s fellow-competitor createsconstant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.