材料：Navigation in the canal 

It is not recommended that any person shall be allowed on the bridge or in the pilot house except the pilot and other representative of the Canal，and Master and such officers and other members of the crew of the vessel as may be necessary for its navigation and control，management，operation and safety．

Navigational aids are difficult to maintain and are reported to be unreliable in this waters．A considerable amount of shipping uses the canal and，in addition，many local fishing craft with nets may be encountered in the area.Since passage through the canal entails a run of more than 250 miles，long periods of considerable vigilance are necessary in order to maintain safe standards of navigation．

问题：PILOT HOUSE is referred to ______ in this passage．

先生们：

请周知，本轮Norfolk号拟进行若干项目修理，欢迎投标。附件系修理项目的说明，明日上午1000时后可随时来船查看船舶和修理项目。本人保留拒绝任何投标和/或一切投标而不说明原因的权利。

Norfolk轮船长Harold G．Watson

先生们：

请你尽快安排一名劳氏检验员，于我船到达时来船检验并证实甲板属具受到的损坏程度。这些损坏是本航次由新加坡至亚丁的航程中所遇风浪造成的。

银河轮船长

The person on the bridge or in the pilot house shall be those ______ ．

The author implies that ______ ．

It can be concluded that ______ ．

材料：Navigation in the canal 

It is not recommended that any person shall be allowed on the bridge or in the pilot house except the pilot and other representative of the Canal，and Master and such officers and other members of the crew of the vessel as may be necessary for its navigation and control，management，operation and safety．

Navigational aids are difficult to maintain and are reported to be unreliable in this waters．A considerable amount of shipping uses the canal and，in addition，many local fishing craft with nets may be encountered in the area.Since passage through the canal entails a run of more than 250 miles，long periods of considerable vigilance are necessary in order to maintain safe standards of navigation．

问题：PILOT HOUSE is referred to ______ in this passage．

SHIPPING is referred to ______ in this passage．

The vessel had ______．

According to the passage， ______．

材料：MV UNISOL Grounded 

With the engines on stand-by，orders were given to cut the remaining forward lines at 0755 hours，the starboard engine was put on slow astern and the helm to hard a starboard． 

When the forward lines were cut，the bow was blown off and swung away from the quay under the influence of the wind and，combined with the effect of the engine going astern on the after spring，canted the bow to port，until a heading of North was reached with the vessel's stern approximately 15 meters off the dock face.

The engines were put to half astern at 0810 hours and with the bow continuing to swing to port，the after back-spring parted with the stern about 20 meters clear of the wharf．Orders were given to cut the remaining 5 stern lines．This was accomplished by 0818 hours，at which time the end of the pier was abeam of the bridge and the vessel was heading in a NW'ly direction.

Both engines were placed to full astern with the shaft turning 80-90 revolutions．As the UNISOL was unable to gain sternway and with high seas at the end of the breakwater，the Pilot feared that the vessel's starboard quarter was in danger of striking the breakwater．Hence the engines were stopped at 0827 hours，and orders were given to let go port anchor to 2 shackles in the water，but about 4 shackles ran out before the brake could be fully applied.At 0828 hours，orders were given to shorten up on the anchor cable，the telegraph put on full ahead and the helm to hard to port．When the engines responded at 0829 hours，the anchor chain was seen to be stretched out on the port beam with a great deal of weight on it and the ship's head was 220° gyro with the vessel swinging to port．

The anchor was hove short to 2 shackles in the water by 0835 hours，and the vessel continued to drift westwards with 80-90 (full ahead) revolutions on the Engine．At this stage，orders were given to pay out the cable，which was paid out to 5 shackles in the water by 0838 hours，but that too failed to arrest the westward drift of the vessel．