语言与文化自考2011年01月真题及答案解析

It is said that the frequent use of honorifics in Chinese is associated with the traditional stratified society and a long history of civilization. Why?

Are “please” in English and “请” in Chinese used in the same way in communication? If they are not, what differences can you find between them?

您有何高见?

他抓住我的胳膊。

你穿这件毛衣很好。

Not for all the tea in China.

If the change is a major one involving substance, I will appreciate your letting me know beforehand.

He is a blue-collar worker.

What is a future-oriented society?

What does the word “peasant” in English connote?

From which language is the word “cookie” borrowed?

Why is it said that the relationship between language and culture is not simply that between a part and the whole?

Of the five categories of gestures ____________ are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society.

Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of________.

________are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths.

To respond to one’s compliment, people in English speaking countries tend to say “________”.

In English speaking culture, it is ________for a male English speaker to compliment on females on their good looks.

Sometimes English people will tell a white ________, when they feel it is merely more convenient or polite than telling the truth.

“To hit and run” is an allusion related to________.

The statement “Languages differ not so much as to what can be said in them, but rather as to what it is relatively easy to say in them.” shows that language influences________.

The kinship terms “brother”, “sister”, and others show that ________of the relatives of the same generation is often ignored in English.

English is more ________than Chinese as far as the connection between language elements within or beyond sentences is concerned.

Which of the following English brand names are coinages?

Body language includes such meaning representing devices as_______.

Which of the following are examples of metaphorical expressions in dailyconversations?

Honorifics are very often used to show ______ to one’s interlocutors no matter whether they are of higher social status.

Which of the following are related to the speaking style?

It is safe to say that language is an instrument used in ______ of thought.

“To be all thumbs”is synonymous to______.

The examples of allusions from history are ______.

“Self-made man” is a positive expression in English because English culture emphasizes______.

“The door locks easily. ”illustrates the fact that ______ in English.

The expression “to kick the bucket” means______.

The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of _________ in words.

John didn’t go to Japan. Instead, he went to France.

The logical relationship between the above sentences is_______.

“Chewing one’s finger nails” signifies ______.

Which of the following topics is NOT a taboo in the conversation with awesterner?

Slums where the poor and the coloured races live may be referred to as________ .

—Are you going home?

—Yes, I am.The above sentences exhibit ________.

“He was __________ over his dismissal.” simply means “He was sad for hisdismissal”.

In English culture, a praise is normally accepted with appreciation. So“______” might function roughly the same in English as “哪里”in Chinese.

“Romeo” is a/an ________ originated from Shakespeare’s play.

“My hands are as cold as ice” is an example of _______.

_______ means the drawing of a general conclusion from a number of knownfacts.

Which of the following expressions can function as a way of greeting others?

In English speaking culture,“ ________ ”is used when people need to pass in frontof others.

Onomatopoeic words are mainly used as nouns and verbs in______.

“Equalitarianism” is a ________word in English.

In English ________morphemes are inflectional morphemes representing such categories as number, case, tense, etc.

________ meaning is what a piece of language conveys about the socialcircumstances of its use.

Language is ________, which means that speech is primary while writing issecondary.

In its narrow sense“________” is contrasted with other cultures.