2016年4月全国自主考试英语阅读(一)真题及答案

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A common argument against cars is that they pollute the environment and thus, are undesirable.[(63)While this. is true, the automobile must be removed from urban planning not only due to pollution but also because of its unsustainable nature.]Cars-and the type of city that is planned around them -use considerable resources and space that will not be available in the future. Oil reserves are dwindling and will disappear within the next century. [(64)Although it is possible. for alternative fuel sources to be. Developed, there will nonetheless require. Considerable energy use.] Furthermore, many resources arc consumed in the production of cars. [(65)In a world with a constantly increasing population,the manufacture of new cans is not something that can be sustained and provided to all the people of the world.][(66)Not only doss the production and operation of cars drain society ,but the attitude associated with the automobile endangers the future.][(67)lt is not advantageous for individuals to drive everywhere because as the population increases.] it will lead to incredible congestion within urban areas. It is certainly a drain on both time and resources, which can be avoided with proper planning for the future.

(From Communities for Future Generations in the US)

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What evidence does the author provide to prove that depression is vastly underestimated?

According to the passage, what are the possible consequences of depression?

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As the weeks went by, Swain's visits grew more frequent. When Dr. Caswell called, Ellsworth would talk about the graceful lines of the chimney or the rich (51)__ 

of color in a bowl of fruit.

The treatment was working perfectly. No more trips downtown to his office for the purpose of buying some business that was to fail later. No more crazy financial plans to try the strength of his (52)__ old heart. Art was

Complete cure for him.

The doctor thought it safe to allow Ellsworth to visit the Metropolitan Museum, the Museum of Modem Art, and other exhibitions with Swain. An entirely new world (53)__ its mysteries to him. The old man showed a tremendous curiosity in the art galleries and in the painters who exhibited (54)__ them, How were the galleries run? Who selected the pictures for the exhibitions? An idea was forming in his brain.

When the late spring began to cover the fields and gardens (55)__ color, Ellsworth painted a simply horrible picture which be called Trees Dressed in White." Then he made a surprising announcement. He was going to exhibit the picture in the summer show at the Lathrop Gallery.

The summer show at the Lathrop Gallery was the biggest art exhibition of the year -in (56)__, if not in size. The lifetime dream of every important artist in the United States was a prize from this exhibition. Among the paintings of this (57)   . group of artists, Ellsworth was now going to place his Trees Dressed in White," which resembled a handful of salad dressing thrown (58)______.against the side of a house.

“If the newspapers hear about this, everyone in town will be laughing at Mr. Ellsworth. We've got to stop him." said Koppel. "No," warned the doctor. We can't interfere with him now and take a chance of (59)__ all the good

work which we have done."

To the complete surprise of all three and especially Swain . Trees Dressed in White" was (60)__  for the Lathrop show. Not only was Mr.Ellsworth crazy, thought Koppel, but the Lathrop Gallery was crazy, too.

(From. Art. for Hearts Sake)

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(agree) The main objective is______to find a solution that is to the company in terms of cost.

(true) Whatever the______, it is always convenient to blame outsiders for creating trouble.

( differ) The exhibition is refreshingly______from most exhibitions of modern art.

( arrange ) A small flower, ___on the kitchen table can brighten up the room.

(like) David has a strong______for those who smoke in public places.

( arrive) All foreign visitors are now able to obtain a Cambodian visa upon______,at the airport.

( suit) The course is______for both beginners and advanced students.

(quiet) The meeting between the two leaders was______scheduled to avoid reporters.

(loud) The students began to enter the classroom and Anna was startled at their ______.

(wide) The local people are asking the government to______the road.

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The name United Nations" is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D.Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Year's Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, (31)___. Their proposals,' modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco (32)__, were finally agreed on and signed as the U.N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, (33)    , signed the Charter Later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified by China, France,the U.S.S.RL, the U.K. and the U.S. and (34)      that the U.N. officially came into existence. The date was 24 October, (35)______.

The essential functions of the U.N, are to maintain international peace and security, (36)       , to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and (37)______.

No country takes precedence over another in the U.N. (38)______. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international disputes, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. (39)    , it tries to ensure that non-member states act according to its principles of international peace and security. U.N. members must offer assistance (40)___and in no way assists states against which the U.N. is taking preventive or enforcement action.

(From United Nations)

[A] in an approved U.N. action

(B] which began in April 1945

[C] Each member's rights and obligations are the same

[D] by a majority of the other participants

[E] not represented at the conference

[F] now universally celebrated as United Nations Day

[G] completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944

[H] to develop friendly relations among nations

[I ]Though the U.N. has no right to intervene in any state's internal affairs

[J] in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small

[K] to be a center for coordinating the actions of nations in attaining these common ends

[L] We peoples of the UN. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war

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The author is quite familiar with guavas because he______.

Plentiful rains and cool nights may mean that guavas___.

The day he left Puerto Rico, the author ate a guava .

The author uses Monsanto's example to show that__.

Pasage6

Questions 26 to 30 are based om the following passage.

There are guavas (番石榴) at the Shop & Save. I pick one the size of a tennis ball and finger the prickly stem end. It feels familiarly bumpy and firm. The guava is not quite ripe: the skin is still a dark green. I smell it and imagine a pale pink center, the seeds tightly embedded in the flesh.

According to the author, a ripe guava is ______.

Which of the following is related to active aging?

Italy has seen the great impact of the increasing longevity because of its______.

According to the passage, RRC is a(n), ______.

The passage mainly deals with depression by informing the reader of

Passage5

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

People in the developed countries are living longer. In 2005 in the U.S. the average lifespan was 77.6 years, as against 54 years in 1920 and just 34 years in 1780. By 2050 it is estimated that the average lifespan will be in the mid 80's. By 2025 in the developed countries the share of the population over 60 will be 26 percent.

This increasing longevity is starting to impact on public finances, economic growth and general living standards. This impact is greater in countries with low employment rates, such as countries in the European Union, of which Italy is a good example. In addition, as baby boomers (those born from 1946 to 1960) reach retirement age, there is increasing pressure on social security systems and public funds for retirement and health care expenses. Economists are increasingly questioning the sustainability of the European social model with its current high welfare standards.

"Active aging" is now being advanced by policy experts. The current division of life into three cycles education, employment and retirement should be changed. According to these experts, governments need to remove barriers that prevent older people from continuing to work and should extend the average working life. Schemes for lifelong learning need to be established to keep the aging workforce equipped with up-to date job sills.

The U.S. Agricultural firm Monsanto is encouraging the government to allow it to introduce "phased retirement" for its workforce. Back in 1991 the company set up a Resource Re-entry Centre (RRC). Monsanto found it difficult to hire qualified temporary administrative assistants. Through the RRC it began to offer this work to retired administrative workers. The centre now sources human resources amongst its retired workforce for a diverse range of projects. In so doing, the company retains the sills, knowledge and social networks of its workers. Much of the work is project-based and highly flexible. Over 60 percent of the projects are given to workers over 60. A key feature of the scheme i workers' access to cost- effective computer-based training to maintain and update job skills. The centre strives to educate company managers regarding the cost efficiency and quality of the work achieved by the service.

From 1780 to 2005, the avenge lifespan in the US ______.

The word "Alleviate in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to,

After the 19# century people began to realize that depression could result from.

In the 4* century, depression was regarded as a___

According to Horace Kallen, the increase in immigrant population would enable immigrants to ______.

Which of the following statements is true?

Passage 4

Questions I6 to 20 are based on the following passage.

Some estimates are that as many as 8% of adolescents suffer from depression at some time during any one year period, making it much more common than, for example, eating disorders, which seem to get more attention as a source of adolescent misery.

Even among psychiatrists and other mental health care professionals, the extent of the disability caused by depression is vastly underestimated. The World Health Organization has found that major depression is the single greatest cause of disability in the world more than twice as many people are disabled by depression as by the second leading cause of disability, iron-deficiency anemia (贫血症). Other diseases and disorders may get more press coverage or more research money, or more sympathy and concern from a well-meaning public, but major depression causes more long term human misery than any other single disease.

When I was a resident in psychiatry, we believed that true depression was rare among teenagers, or that insofar as it existed, it was just a normal phase of adolescent development with no lasting consequences. It didn't take long after I began treating troubled kids to see that this couldn't possibly be true. Research over recent decades has confirmed my impression. These beliefs, if any still holds them, are false and dangerous. In fact, early onset of depression is not normal, and can predict numerous unhappy life events for youngsters, including school failure, teenage pregnancy, and suicide attempts.

The immigrants who went to the U.S. after the Civil War were extremely dissatisfied with______.

Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

The history of the U.S. from Lincoln's death to the wave of assassination in the 1960s can be seen as a struggle to realize Lincoln's vision of a society whose citizens are not held back by parentage or origin. The struggle to secure this chance for all Americans has been biter and bloody, and it is far from over. After Lincoln's death, the Fourteenth Amendment promised that the Federal Union would guarantee the rights of all persons against violation by the states. However, this guarantee was exploited by business corporations while remaining a hollow promise to millions of actual persons. Women did not get the vote until five amendments later, and their legal rights were often lost in marriage. As for blacks, political equality remained mostly something unreal until the passage of the Voting Rights Act one hundred years after Lincoln's death.

The struggle to realize Lincoln's ideal was undertaken not only by workers against capital but also by immigrants against the political system. In less than one human life span following the Civil War, the U.S. absorbed a great number of immigrants who formed the next wave of what Lincoln had called "prudent and penniless" Beginners. They found that social services were forgotten by a political system that ran on graft (腐败). The risk of injury, disease, and early death were largely ignored, forcing millions to rely on themselves, on family, and on the charity of friends.

To some who watched the immigrants pour in, it seemed that America would have to reorganize itself according to the multicultural principle that we hear so much about today. The term “multiculturalism” was popularized by Horace Kallen. He wrote in his book The Nation in 1915 that with the growth of large immigrant communities, the rate of mixed marriage would drop (he was wrong) and the likelihood of a new American race would decline. The U.S., he predicted, would turn into a democracy of nationalities in which "selfhood is ancestrally determined." To other observers, however, the country was simply sliding into disorder, as it seemed to Henry Adams in 1905 when he looked out of the club window on the turmoil of Fifth Avenue and felt himself in the disorderly Rome as witnessed by Emperor Diocletian.

Lincoln imagined that the U.S. would be a society free from the influence of one's______.

The author points out that Lincoln's dream of an ideal society_____.

In the author's opinion, a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when______.

This passage mainly discusses ______.

What does the author say about women's education?

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women's education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives (激励), provides an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.

Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family; girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school- the prophecy (预言） becomes self-fulfilling tapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.

By saying “... the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling...” in Paragraph 2, the author means that girls will .

What the author cherishes most about her father is his ______.

As far as writing is concerned, the author's father emphasized the importance of ______.

The author is probably known for her writings about___.

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

I was born in a pleasant old colonial house built near 1750, and bought by my grandfather sixty or seventy years ago. He joined a group of acquaintances who were engaged in the flourishing West Indian trade of that time. For many years he kept and extended his interests in shipping, building ships and buying large quantities of timber, and sending it down the river and then to the sea. The business was still in existence in my early childhood, so I came in contact with the up-country people who sold timber as well as with the sailors and shipmasters of the other side of the business. I used to linger about the busy country stores, and listen to the lively country talk.

In my grandfather's business household, my father had taken to his book, as old people said, and gone to college and begun that devotion to the study of medicine which only ended with his life. He gave me my first and best knowledge of books by his own delight and dependence upon them, and ruled my early attempts at writing by his good taste. Don't try to write about people and things, tell them just as they are!" How often my young ears beard these words without comprehending them! But while I was too young and thoughtless to share in an enthusiasm for Sterne or Fielding, and Smollett or Don Quixote, my mother and grandmother were leading me into the pleasant ways of Pride and Prejudice, and The Scenes of Clerical Life, and the delightful stories of Mrs. Oliphant.

When the time came that my own world of imagination was more real to me than any other, I was sometimes perplexed at my father's directing my attention to certain points of interest in the character or surroundings of our acquaintances. I cannot help believing that he recognized, long before I did myself, in what direction the current of purpose in my life was setting. Now, as I write my sketches of country life, I remember again and again the wise things he said, and the sights he made me see. I may have inherited something of my father's knowledge of human nature, but my father never lost a chance of trying to teach me to observe. I owe a great deal to his patience with a little girl given far more to

dreams than to accuracy, and with perhaps to little natural sympathy for the dreams of others.

Which statement is true of the author"s grandfather?

In Paragraph 1, "the other side of the business" refers to ______.