2009年4月全国自主考试英语阅读(一)真题及答案

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According to the author, what is the relationship between media violence and real-life violence?

[(63) In your quest for success, enthusiasm means that you believe deeply in what the company is doing. ]You also believe that your job is important and contributes to the cause. It means that you’re willing to work your butt off (努力做事) to achieve the company’s goals. [(64) Real enthusiasm is when you leap out of bed in the morning and attack your day full of energy. ][(65) You have zeal for the work you do and the people you work with. This pushes you to improve and become a better person. ]Enthusiasm means that you are stimulated by your work，and are able to find new challenges and keep growing professionally.[ (66)Furthermore, most jobs have some elements that are less fun and more difficult to carry out. ]This is where passion really comes into play. [(67) When you love what you do, it isn’t too difficult to get mentally prepared and get the job done. ]The hard part is performing equally well in those less interesting tasks. 

 (From Enthusiasm Leads to Success) 

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Why does the author examine the historical roots of violence in the first paragraph?

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(rich) The professor emphasized that the goal of the course is to ______ our understanding of other cultures.

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To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind are (51) ______, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all errors, but (52) ______ silly errors.

    If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have (53) ______. the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been (54) ______ that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself (55) ______I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.

    Many matters, however, are less easily (56) ______ to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself (57) ______ your own bias. If an opinion (58) ______ your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, (59) ______ you know so little of arithmetic or geographyfrom，aware of, prone

that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to (60) ______ there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge, but in the theology there is only opinion.

(From How to Avoid the Foolish Opinions)

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(ignore) I didn’t like to ask him to explain more clearly, for I didn’t want to appear ______.

(fashion) My mother disliked my new hat, though it was the latest style worn by ______ women in Paris.

(promote) Young males in particular tend to be keener on high pay and ______ than older people.

(private) In the U.S., where there are millions and millions of ________ owned automobiles, it is not easy to go downtown in the rush hour.

(honest) Judy answered all the interviewers’ questions with ______ and courage.

(arrive) We enjoyed the golden autumn, but the ______ of winter made many of us feel depressed.

(simple) We think it necessary to ______ the procedure of application.

(child) Much of my early ______ was spent with my aunt in the countryside.

(confuse) The tourists made their way through the noise and __confusion___ of the marketplace to their hotel.

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Alcatraz Island served as a federal prison between ______.

My topic is the Constitution of the United States. Every year thousands of tourists visit the National Archives in Washington D.C., to view the original document, which is on permanent display. （31）______. I shall deal with the background of the Constitution, the great Convention of 1787 that produced it, some of its leading principles and provisions, and the means by which （32）______.

In 1775 the thirteen British colonies that were to become the United States stretched along the Atlantic Coast of North America. （33）______ . Over the years the colonies had developed greatly. In 1775 they had a population of more than two millions. They enjoyed a large measure of self-government. Each colony had its own legislature （34）______. Each colony was separate from the others. They had in common a British cultural and political heritage, and all were subjectto laws passed by Parliament and owed allegiance to the British Crown.

  （35）______. The American Revolution came because the colonies had grown stronger and were in less need of British support, and because the people in them were less like Europeans than their ancestors had been, (36)______ , Beginning in 1775 the Revolution continued for several years. With the aid of France the colonies won the war, and in 1783 Great Britain signed a treaty recognizing their independence. (37) ______.

    Before the war ended, these thirteen states realized that they would need to work together in peacetime (38)______. In 1782 they put into effect a plan for unity under a federal system. This meant that each of the states would remain independent in many ways but would join with the others in a government that would be able to do things (39)______. Unfortunately this plan did not provide for a federal government strong enough to enable it to do what needed to be done. This became clear after a few years of experience. In 1786 a call went out to all the states inviting them to send delegates to a meeting (40)______. This meeting was the Constitutional Convention, a great turning point in American History.

 (From The Constitution of the United States)

 A.that individual states could not do by themselves with success

 B.The first had been established in 1607, the last in 1732

 C.to be sent to the thirteen states for approval

 D.composed of two houses and modeled after the British Parliament

 E. and because to the colonists it seemed that the British government meant to assume more and more control over them and to restrict their liberties

 F. This is the document that has shaped our national life for more than 180 years

 G. to be held in Philadelphia in the spring of 1787

 H. Meanwhile the thirteen new states had created the United States of America

 I. no more important meeting has been held in America

 J. it has been adapted over so long a time to the needs of a changing society

 K. as they had been forced to do in wartime

 L. Then came a revolt against British rule

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The first owner of Alcatraz Island is ______.

Alcatraz Island began to house civilian prisoners in ______.

The U.S. Army first used Alcatraz Island as ______.

The passage mainly deals with ______.

Passage 6

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Doris Wilde believes that people stay angry ______.

The sentence “if you let the incident go, your anger will go with it” (para.3) tells us that ______.

According to Carol Tavris, anger can be handled effectively ________.

The phrase “reduces the chances of joining...” (para. 2) may be replaced by _______.

Passage 5

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

  Laura House remembers the day with embarrassment. “Mom and I were on our way home after dinner when we stopped at an intersection,” she says. “When the light changed, the guy ahead of us was looking at a map of something and didn’t move right away. I leaned on my horn and automatically yelled. I didn’t even think about what I was doing. Mom’s jaw just dropped. She said, ‘Well, I guess you’ve been living in the city too long.’ That’s when I realized that my anger was out of control.”

According to the passage, those who are the least exposed to media violence are citizens of _______.

The author uses Japanese, Columbian and Canadian examples to show that real-life violence and media violence _______.

It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the safest country is _______.

Passage 4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

  Blaming the media for violence is misguided. To better understand the issue of violence and society, it is helpful to examine its historical roots. Certainly not all tribal societies were violent. For example, many native tribes in the American southwest were entirely peaceful. However, for most tribal people throughout most of the world, war and violence have always been part of life. One of our oldest books, the Old Testament, tells of constant tribal wars among the peoples of the Middle East. Likewise, ancient texts such as the Greek Iliad, the Indian Bhagavad-Gita and the Nordic Beowulf all tell tales of war and violence. Certainly the peoples of ancient Babylonia, Greece, India, and Scandinavia were not influenced by the media, yet most of the earliest human records indicate that violence has been an ever-present经常存在的 part of human life. Since violence was with us long before modern media, it seems unlikely that controlling the media now would have much impact on stopping human violence.

In a service business, the product being marketed is _______.

The third story in the passage shows _______.

The author sets forth the argument of the passage by _______.

It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _______.

Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

The author argues that _______.

Besides escaping from unsatisfying home life, young people also marry early _______.

According to the author, marriage more often than not _______.

The author’s attitude toward the present organization of the Olympics is _______.

The phrase “shaking of graying heads” (para. 1) refers to _______.

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

  Since the Second World War, there has been an obvious trend, especially among the growing group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence青春期, “go steady” through high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. In some quarters, there is much shaking of graying heads over the ways of rebellious叛逆的 youth. However, emotional maturity does not grow with age; it does not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do, even in three-score years and ten.

  Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life, but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness. However, any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one’s problems; more often, it merely worsens them. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it; one might say that they are abandoning one idol only to worship another. Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that success is the ultimate good, but they themselves are wrong in believing that they have found the true center of life’s meaning. Their expectations of marriage are essentially unrealistic and therefore incapable of fulfillment. They want too much, and tragic disillusionment is often bound to follow.

  Shall we, then, join the chorus of those against early marriages? One cannot generalize: all early marriages are not bad any more than all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by how old one is, but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or false expectations, and if it is economically feasible, why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.

The phrase “go steady” (para. 1) can be replaced by _______.

It can be inferred from the passage that the suggestion mentioned in the last paragraph is ______.

The American basketball players eventually _______.

The word “indignation” (para. 2) is closest in meaning to _______.

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between nations and that, if countries play games together, they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred仇恨. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood兄弟情深. Apart from tragic悲剧 incidents involving the murder of athletes, the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by international contests.

One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation愤怒 after a hockey曲棍球 final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decision. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents对手’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage愤怒 when he said: “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.

The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable争议的 end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance骚乱. It was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point, but it was announced that there were still three seconds to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the U.S.A had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. A judging panel debated the matter for four and a half hours without changing the original decision. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.

Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or on non-national teams, might be too much to hope for, but in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.

The author cites two examples in the passage to show that _______.