2013年考研《英语》(一)终极突破卷六

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Write an essay of 160．200 words based on the following drawing．In your essay， you should

1)describe the drawing briefly，

2)interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them，and then

3)give your points of view．

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．(20 points)

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points)

Long before the new economy made catchwords of speed，customization，supply chain management．and information sharing，Spanish clothing retailer Zara was carrying out a revolutinn of its own．(46)By translating the latest trends into designs that are manufactured in less than 15 days—and delivering them to its stores twice a week-Zara pioneered a new kind of quick， custom．made retailing that has transformed the relatively low profile retailer into a global powerhouse． Nobody else can get new designs to stores as quickly，says Keith Wills．European retail analyst at Goldman Sachs．“Unless you can do that，you won’t be in business in ten years．”

(47)Not only has Zara—the flagship store of private textile company Inditex-distinguished itself by tightly integrating its design and manufacturing systems，but its clothing has filled an untapped niche．“Armani at m oderate prices．”says one Goldman Sachs analyst． The forlnula seems to be paying off：Zara，which is responsible for nearly 80％of Inditex’S revenues，opened its first store in 1975 and has since expanded to more than 400 stores in 25 countries．Though it doesn’t generate as much in revenues as the Gap($11．6 billion)or Swedish clothier H&M(about$3．6 billion)．Zara’s parent had sales of about$2 billion last year．which represented a 26％increase from 1998．The company’s profits were up 34％，to around$186 million．Last year．

Zara derives its competitive advantage from an astute use of information and technology． All of its stores are electronically linked to the company’s headquarters near La Coruna，a midsized city on the northwest coast of Spain．Store managers monitor how merchandise is selling and transmit this information，as well as customer requests，to headquarters．“The role of the store manager goes way beyond that of Gap and H&M，”says Wills of Goldman Sachs．

(48)ToGether with trend snotters who travel the globe in search of new fashion，store m anagers make sure their designers have access to real time information when deciding with the commercial team on the fabric,cut,and price points of a new garment．

In addition．Inditex’s production system truly differentiates Zara from its competition． While the Gap and H＆M outsource most of their manufacturing，Zara produces 60％of its merchandise in house．Fabric--which comes from places like Spain，the Far East，India，and Morocco-is cut and colored at the company’s state of the art factory．Then，using information gathered from stores，production managers decide how many garments to make and which stores will get them．Finally the fabric is sent to local shops to be assembled before being shipped around the world．(49)This combination of real time information sharing and internalized production means that Zara can work with almost no stock and still have new designs in the store twice a week．as opposed to the six weeks that it traditionally takes most competitors．

(50)The question now is how far Zara，which runs almost no adVertising outside of its biannual storewide sales，can go with the concept of design on demand retailing．The chain is well known in South America and Europe，where it is currently expanding in Germany． f International sales accounted for almost 50％of its total)It’s less well known in the U．S．；it has just six stores in the New York City area．But don’t underestimate this Spanish giant． Inditex recently announced it was exploring a public offerinG，and it’s probably just a matter a time before it dispatches Zara to conquer the New World．

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Write a notice for the Office of Peking University to inform. the teachers，workers and some students of a meeting to commend the advanced teachers and workers．Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice．

Use“the office of Peking university”instead．

you should write a，bout 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about how to select a fund．Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—G for each numbered paragraph(41-45)．The first paragraph of the text is not numbered．There is one extra heading which you do not need to use．Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points)

According to the author，what should the government do about genetic test?

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The author seems to suggest that the restriction prohibiting customers from having their genome sequenced is______．

By using the example of“snake—oil salesmen”，the author intends to emphasize　that______．

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题

Imagine a world where your doctor could help you avoid sickness，using knowledge of your genes as well as how you live your life．Or where he would prescribe drugs he knew would work and not have debilitating side-effects．

Such a future is arriving faster than most realise：genetic tests are already widely used to identify patients who will be helped or harmed by certain drugs．And three years ago，in the face of a torrent of new scientific data，a number of new companies set themselves up to interpret this information for customers．Through shop fronts on the internet，anyone could order a testing kit．spit into a tube and send off their DNA—with results downloaded privately at home．Already customers can find out their response to many common medications，such as antivirals and blood-thinning agents．They can also explore their genetic likelihood of developing deep—vein thrombosis，skin cancer or glaucoma．

The industry has been subject to conflicting criticisms．On the one hand，it stands accused of offering information too dangerous to trust to consumers；on the other it is charged with peddling irrelevant，misleading nonsense．For some rare disorders，such as Huntington’s and Tay—Sachs，genetic information is a diagnosis．But most diseases are more complicated and involve several genes，or an environmental component，or both．Someone’s chance of getting skin cancer，for example，will depend on whether he worships the sun as well as on his genes．

It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 4 that______．

The less—educated tend to marry later than the well—educated due to the changes　of________．

The best title for this passage perhaps could be________．

Which of the following may be agreed both by the well-educated and less—educated　nowadays?

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题

This fall the Pew Research Center，in association with TIME，conducted a nationwide poll exploring the contours of modern marriage and the new American family．And of all the transformations our family structures have undergone in the past 50 years，perhaps the most profound is the marriage differential that has opened between the rich and the poor．In l960 the median household income of married adults was l2％higher than that of single adults，after adjusting for household size．By 2008 this gap had grown to 41％．In other words，the richer and more educated you are，the more likely you are to marry，or to be married-0r， conversely，if you’re married，you’re more likely to be well off．

To begin the question of why the wealth disparity between the married and the unmarried has grown so much，it might be useful to take a look at the brief but illustrative marriage of golfer Greg Norman and tennis star Chris Evert，who married in June 2008 and divorced l5 months later．From all reports，their union had many of the classic hallmarks of modern partnerships．The bride and groom had roughly equal success in their careers．Being wealthy，sporty and blond，they had similar interests．

This is typical of the way many marriages start．Americans are increasingly marrying people who are on the same socioeconomic and educational level．Since more women than men have graduated from college for several decades，it’s more likely than it used to be that a male college graduate will meet，fall in love with，wed and share the salary of a woman with a degree．Women’s advances in education have roughly paralleled the growth of the knowledge economy，so the slice of the family bacon she brings home will be substantial．

On the face of it，this might explain why fewer people are married．They want to finish college first．In 2010 the median age of men getting hitched for the first time is 28．2，and for women it’s 26．1．It’s gone up about a year every decade since the’gos．

But here's the rub．In the past two decades，people with only a high school education started to get married even later than college graduates．In l990 more high-school-educated couples than college graduates had made it to the altar by age 30．By 2007 it was the other way around．What has brought about the switch?It’S not any disparity in desire．According to the Pew survey，46％of college graduates want to get married，and 44％of the less educated do．

Promising publicly to be soreeone’S partner for life used to be something people did to lay the foundation of their independent life．It was the declaration of adulthood．Now it’S more of a finishing touch，the last brick in the edifice，sociologists believe．“Marriage is the capstone for both the college—educated and the less well educated．”says Johns Hopkins’Cherlin．“The college—educated wait until they’re finished with their education and their careers are launched．The less educated wait until they feel comfortable financially．”But that comfort keeps getting more elusive．“The loss of decent—paying jobs that a high—school—educated man or woman could get makes it difficult for them to get and stay married，”says Cherlin．As the knowledge economy has overtaken the manufacturing economy，couples in which both partners’job opportunities are disappearing are doubly disadVantaged．So they wait to get married．

The marriage between Greg Norman and Chris Evert is used to illustrate________．

Which of the following phrases is NOT the synonym of“get married”?

According to the poll in the last paragraph，citizens’attitude toward soda tax is______．

According to Paragraph 4，scientists chose soda for taxation because_______．

Soda tax will lead to decrease in______．

Which proverb can best illustrate the attempt of senator John Vratil?

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题

The average American drinks a gallon of soda a week，which delivers roughly 1，000 calories and no nutrition．The average American is also overweight or obese．Could changing one of those things help change the other?

It is suggested in the last paragragh that viedo-gamers’parents will______Shawn Green and Alexandre Pouget’s findings．

It can be inferred from the text that______．

According to Paragraph 5，people make decisions based on______．

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题

The relentless march of technology into everyday life has always given rise to debate about whether it is a good or a bad thing．Some believe that the Internet and computer software are making humans more stupid or shallow．But others argue that computer programs in the form. of video games can make people smarter or improve specific skills，suchas spatial awareness．

Shawn Green and Alexandre Pouget，from the University of Rochester，in New York state，set out to find an answer．Their study，reported in Current Biology，involved a number of experiments．In one，the participants had to watch 12 dots moving randomly on a screen and quickly assess their aggregate direction of movement．Another test asked participants to work out the direction of specific sounds embedded within stereo white noise．In both tests the video．gamers did better．However，the scientists were aware that gamers could have been born with improved abilities to perform. such tasks，which were possibly what attracted them to gaming in the first place．Consequently，a third test was necessary to see if these abilities could have been learnt．

The non．gaming volunteers were put through 50 hours of video—game training．For some this involved playing fast-action shoot-'em-up games such as“Call of Duty 2”and“Unreal Tournament”．but others were given a slow-moving life—strategy game，“The Sims 2”．The researchers found that those trained with action games raised their performance to the level of the experienced garners．Moreover，they were more efficient in their use of visual or auditory evidence than those playing with the Sims．

The researchers conclude that fast action video-games players develop an enhanced sensitivity to what is going on around them and that this may help with activities such as multitasking，driving，reading small print，navigation and keeping track of friends or children in a crowd．The precise neural mechanism for this effect，however，is still unknown．

What is known is that people make decisions based on probabilities that are constantly being calculated and refined in their heads--something called“probabilistic inference”．The brain collects small pieces of information，eventually gathering enough to make an accurate decision．When driving a car，for example，many probabilities will be collated to make decisions such as whether or not to brake．The more efficient someone is at coUecting visual and auditory information，the faster he can reach the threshold needed to make a decision．

Shawn Green，Alexandre Pouget suggest that reaction times in the population will probably improve with the rise of fast—action videO—games．There are a lot of players：last year a report estimated that 67％of American households contained at least one video-gamer．And if video—gamers are really better equipped to make quick decisions．they might also turn out to be better drivers and end up in fewer accidents．However，the notion that gamers acquire some minor physical skills may not pacify concerned parents．What，after all，of the skills they are not acquiring when shooting virtual cops instead of reading or talking?

The problem of first two experiments lies in that______．

The conclusion drawn by researchers is that

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题

With the increasing pace of economic globalization and competition among various　countries in the market，information，technology，professionals，capital and other types of economic resources is becoming increasingly evident．International___1___is becoming progressively__2__．Previously__3__competition among enterprises in different countries is growing gradually into competition among governments that finds expression in a concentrated form．Previous__4__contention for enterprises’interests in the world market now evidences itself in the contention for__5__interests．In this new situation，to__6__ national interests and to enable a country to be constantly in a favorable position in the international market，the most important thing is to have a highly___7___government that__8__ the full trust of citizens．

The basic objective of the study of the“government administration” is to__ 9__ the competitive edge of a government in the international market，to__10__ the efficiency and quality of government administrative behaviors，and to enhance the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations．The evident__11__between government administration and enterprise management lies in the fact __12__ the former is a macro-activity and represents the overall national interests．Considering this from the__ 13__ 0f the theory of behavioral efficiency function，the degree of the efficiency and quality of government administrative behaviors and the standard of the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations have a direct__14__0n the amount of national interests and the degree of security and happiness of its people．Thus，to__15__the level of overall national interests requires a highly efficient enterprise management and a high—quality enterprise group with significant core competitiveness．More importantly，it requires highly efficient government administration and the government’s international competitiveness to have a__16__advantage．For China，a country that is still in the__17__of“shift in the mode of growth” and “transformation in the system”，the fundamental__ 18__ to turn this objective into a__ 19__ is to make innovations in government administration.

S0，against the__ 20__backgrounds of economic globalization and the domestic economic transformation，how should we make innovations in government administration?I think many things can be done in this regard．Yet the most important thing is to effect the change of the concept，functions，forms and the institution of government administration．