全国自考现代语言学模拟试卷(1)

Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English.

Explain syntactic movement, NP-movement and WH-movement with examples.

slang

instrumental motivation

case condition

fricative

intrapersonal communication

clipping

formal instruction

linguistic relativism

semantic triangle

blending

In discussing the sense relations between sentences, Y is a prerequisite of X. So if Y is true, X must be true.

Language is a social activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings.

The invention of steam-powered boats gave the verb sail an opportunity to extend its meaning to boats without sails. This example indicates that the meaning or semantic representation of words may become broader.

Major lexical categories are open categories.

Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediate guidance for actual performance.

The maxim of relation requires that what the speaker says should be relevant with the current topic of the exchange.

Both phonology and phonetics are studies of sound though they have different emphases.

Language is arbitrary be nature. And it is entirely arbitrary.

The error analysis approach shows that there are striking similarities in the ways in which different L2 learners acquire a new language.

If the target language functions as a foreign language, the learner is likely to benefit from an i________ motivation.

Reference is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are interested in.

Language is a system consisting of two s________ of structures, or two levels.

There are occasions when one can think without l________, just as one may speak without thinking.

Genie's case not only confirms the critical period hypothesis, but also the view that humans' language a________ device is independent of other intellectual abilities.

According to the a________ view, the acquisition of second language involves, and is dependent on, the acquisition of the culture of the target language community.

The clause into which another clause is embedded is called a m________ clause.

C________ is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer.

If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d________.

P________ structure rules allow us to better understand how words and phrases form sentences, and so on.

All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their ________ structure.

Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are called r________ opposites.

Old English had a rich case-ending system, e. g., Old English noun had four cases, i. e., nominative, genitive, dative and ________.

An embedded clause functions as a ________ unit in its matrix clause.

In the following four choices, ________ is a pair of homophone.

What can we infer from “The case of Phineas Gage”?

________ refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another.

A theory of grammar must provide a complete characterization of linguistic ________ that speakers implicitly consider well-formed, or grammatical sequences.

Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of ten billion nerve cells called ________.

________ studies the sentence structure of language, i. e. how words are arranged in a sentence and in what order. It is an important subfield of linguistics.

The discovery of Indo-European began with the work of ________, who delivered an important paper in 1786 in which he suggested that Sanskrit bore a stronger affinity to Greek and Latin.