2018年10月全国自主考试英语阅读(一)真题及答案

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(63)Congress is the legislative branch of the Union. and. it consists of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each House serves as a check on the other. (64)The main. function of the Congress is to pass Jaws for the Union.The revenue bills- proposed laws to raise money for the government -must begin in the House. Only after the House has

approved them can the Senate act on them. (65)The House alone. also has the. power Io choose a President under certain circumstances. 

Congress is not only the U.S. national legislature but also a political body. (66)Most representatives and senators try to carry. out the programs of the. political parties to which they belong. Today, the Democrats and the Republicans are America's two largest political parties. (67)Whichever. party wins the largest number of seats in the House is the majority party and the other party is the minority party of the House. The same is true in the Senate.

(From Three Branches of the Federal Government)

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What was it that influenced American academic freedom and how did American understand it?

What was the academic situation in Germany when the German Empire was established?

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When Prometheus lit the first campfire on earth, the people were afraid of it. But they (51)__ him, and so they came closer and closer and (52)____ the fire's pleasant warmth and beautiful glow. 

Prometheus knew that he would not have much time before Zeus discovered that he had been disobedient. But he also knew that, powerful as Zeus (53)___, once a god had given a gift it could not be taken away. So he quickly taught the mortals how to use the gift of fire.

Now Zeus was a jealous god. He grudged men all the gifts that Prometheus had given them and he was angry with Prometheus for (54)___,men so many things. And so when he found that Prometheus had given to men this final gift of fire, be burst out into (55)___rage, He ordered his two invincible servants, Power and Violence, to seize Prometheus and to carry him to the (56)___peak of the dreadful Caucasus. There among the crawling glaciers, beneath the lashing hail and winds of storm, or, in the summer time, shelterless against the scorching beat of the sun, Prometheus was to be bound fast with unbreakable chains. The task of making these massive chains and of (57)___them upon the victim's body was given to Hephaestus, and, though Hephaestus shrank from the dreadful deed of so torturing a brother god, he feared the power of Zeus and did not dare to disobey. Indeed he hated the skill of his hand, but he was forced to use it, and so he flung the hard chains around the (58)___ body of Prometheus and, with great blows of this hammer, nailed and fastened him to the (59)__ rocks. He groaned as he did this work, for he (60)__ the good Titan; but the servants of Zeus, Power and Violence, merely mocked him for his weak spirit and hurled their insults at Prometheus himself.

(From Prometheus)

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(satisfy)If you cant get any_____ , complain to the park owner.

(difficult)Bad weather heightened the______for them to carry out the task.

(hunger)Joanne is so______for success that she'll do anything to achieve it.

(concern)Her new report is______with rainforest.

(emotion)Life for the successful doctor can be______rewarding.

(evaluation)The police force should not______officers performance in terms of the number of arrests they make.

(marry)She went to live abroad after her______broke up.

(understand)Prof. Clinton spoke slowly to make himself______.

(advertise)They put an______in The Morning News, offering a high salary for the right person.

(convenience)We apologize for the delay and regret any______it may have caused.

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The following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary. Write the letter of the answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, I point each)

What accounts for our reluctance to forgive? Probably a number of factors, but here I want to focus on the factor of self-respect. Any person (31)___fails to show sufficient respect for the person he has harmed. Implicit in the act of wrongdoing, then, is the claim that (32)_____. The Nazi soldier in The Sunflower helped to burn an entire village of Jews alive, and in doing so, (33)____. He failed to recognize them as valuable human beings with a moral status equal to his own. (34)_____ , fail to respect them as valuable persons and as the bearers of basic human rights. They fail to respect their children's feelings, (35)_____. I think many of us believe that if we forgive an offender (36)_____, we are essentially agreeing with the claim that we do not deserve a full measure of respect. In effect. we are saying That's OK---(37)_____I'm not that important. If this is the case, then our reluctance to forgive may be the result of a healthy desire to maintain our own self-respect.

(38)_____ , I believe that it need not lead to a refusal to forgive. In fact I believe that if we truly respect ourselves, (39)_____ and this process will lead to genuine forgiveness of the offender. If we attempt to forgive the offender before we do this work, our forgives may well be incompatible with our self respect However, (40)_______ it will be fully appropriate for the self respecting individual to forgive the offender, regardless of whether the offender repents and regardless of what he has done or suffered.

(From Forgiveness and Self-respect)

A.who forgives others easily

B.once this process is complete

C.who wrongfully harms another

D.And parents who abuse their children

E. Anyone who harms others very often

F. It doesn't matter that you mistreated me

G. the victim does not deserve a full measure of respect

H. we will work through a process of responding to the wrong

I. he failed to respect the intrinsic worth of the Jewish people

J. and their profound need for a safe and supportive environment

K. who is guilty of serious crimes against us (specially an unrepentant offender)

L. Although the desire to maintain our self-respect is certainly important to honor

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According to the passage, travel can enable people to .

What does the word “dummy" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

What docs Charlie want to do first with the golden ticket?

What does Grandpa George think of the golden ticket?

Which Civil Rights Act is the most significant according to the passage?

What does the passage mainly talk about?

Passage 6

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

I love the movie Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, especially the magic of the 1971 original staring Gene Wilder. It's a wonderful tale of dreams coming true. I've watched it many times. One part of it always makes me feel good about life itself. In fact it has even been an inspiration for me to travel the world.

Do you remember when Charlie is telling Grandpa George that he's won a golden ticket to visit the Wonka chocolate factory? He is so excited but then pauses for a moment to remember that their family is very poor. He's a good boy and wants to do the right thing. But when he suggests that they could sell the ticket to earn some money, Grandpa George will have none of it! He's even more excited than Charlie and tells the boy:

“There's plenty of money out there. They print more every day. But there are only five of the tickets in the whole world. Only a dummy would give this up for something as common as money. Get that mud off your pants," he says with excitement, You've got a factory to go to!”

What great words! With his years of wisdom, he's saying that in his hand he's holding a one-in-a-lifetime opportunity. This is the moment to do something extraordinary and quite possibly life- changing. There's plenty of money in the world but even all of it won't equal this experience.

Passage 5

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Civil rights legislation consists of acts that are enacted (实施) to prevent discrimination based on race, sex, religion, age, previous condition of enslavement, physical limitation, national origin, and other distinctions. As a result of the mass struggle for equal rights, two landmark pieces of legislation have become the cornerstone of civil rights legislation in the United States the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Civil rights legislation has a long history in the United States. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 passed despite a failed rejection attempt by Andrew Johnson. The legislation was passed during Reconstruction and aimed to destroy Black Codes, which the southern states had enacted to suppress the rights of newly freed slaves.

When was the Civil Rights Act of 1875 declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court?

Which administration developed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Under the influence of Lehrfeiheit, German Protestant universities .

Which of the following is included in the German Lehrfreiheit?

What did Wissenschaft refer to in 19th century Germany?

Passage 4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

When the American Association of University Professor (AAUP) was organized in 1915, its founders proclaimed an ideal of academic freedom as essential to the definition of a university. At first some academic administrators resisted aspects of the due process in hiring and firing that the AAUP insisted; but within the next two decades academic freedom, more or less as the AAUP had defined it, was widely accepted. By 1940 when an important restatement of the AAUP principles was widely adopted, the ideal had become a standard assumption in American academic thought. Certainly by the end of the era of the early 1950s academic freedom had attained sacred status among professors and was spoken of as though were an ancient absolute associated with universities since the ancient time.

The direct inspiration for the modern American conception of academic freedom came, however, from Germany, or at least from the romanticized (理想化的) impressions of Germany that the many thousands of American academics who studied there brought back with them. Particularly important for the American organizers of the academic profession after 1890 was the German Lehrfreiheit (教学自由), referring to freedom for university professors.

In Germany this freedom included, first, the rights for professors to teach whatever they chose with a minimum of administrative regulations and, second, the freedom to conduct one's research and to report one's findings in lectures and publications without external restraint. The Americans typically understood Lehrfreiheit as the modern ideal that truth is progressive and that for science to advance it must be freed from tradition and assumption. In 19th century Germany this outlook was associated with the term Wissenschaft (科学), which meant more than just the English word “science," suggesting an ideal scientific research for truth. German Protestant universities only gradually won full approval of such autonomy, including freedom from occasional Christian church interference.

Nonetheless, they were always far in advance of American schools and by the time of the establishment of the German Empire Lehrfreiheit had become a legal practice protected by law. It controlled the universities and protected them from direct interference of other interests. In a society far more conscious of status than the United States, Lehrfreiheit did not suggest any general commitment to freedom for all citizens. Once the wider applications of modem Lehrfeiheit were accepted, they were proclaimed as essential to any institution calling itself a "university.”

Paragraph 1 mainly talks about_____.

What can we learn about the idea of Lehrfreiheit from the passage?

What are you recommended to do if your boss tells you to do some additional work?

What does the author usually do when the flights are delayed?

What is the attitude of the author towards stress?

Passage3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

Let us think about what situations people usually see as stressful. I will not touch on health issues, job loss, divorce, and other similar situation. Instead, I want to focus on what I call mood-eaters. By mood eaters, I mean situations in which we are able to choose our attitude instead of immediately getting stressed,

What does the author suggest you do when you are faced with a mood-eater?

Which of the following is a most appropriate description of Miss Huang?

How did Miss Huang's idea of love differ from the conventional one?

How did Miss Huang go against the social conventions as a woman?

Why are women considered the most conservative according to the passage?

What does the author think of the elementary classroom?

Passage2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

What is the author doing in the elementary classroom?

What are the three children trying to do?

What is the fourth boy working on in the four-person group?

Passage1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

I have come for a visit to an elementary classroom for six- to nine-year-olds. My strongest impression of this classroom is the purposefulness of the children in their cooperative efforts.