现代语言学2012年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830）

Explain with examples such sense relations as synonymy, polysemy and antonymy.

Discuss the optimum age for second language acquisition.

mother tongue interference

angular gyrus

commissives

semantic broadening

bilingualism

bound morphemes

simple sentence

sense

arbitrariness

phoneme

【 】 The acquisition of a second language is dependent on a combination of factors. The rate and ultimate success in SLA are affected not only by learners’ experience with optimal input and instruction, but also by individual learner factors.

【 】 London dialect began to be regarded as a standard national language even in the OldEnglish period and remained so when English developed into its modern variety.

【 】 The term lingua franca derives from Lingua Franca, a hybrid language, consisting of Italian mixed with French, Spanish, Greek, Arabic and Turkish. In fact, Lingua Franca itself is a pidgin.

【 】 As a result of human brain lateralization, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more analytically and the left hemisphere more holistically.

【 】 Move a as a general rule for all the movement rules can move any constituent from one place to another. Thus, a constituent can be moved to any place.

【 】 The sentence “John gave a book to Mary” contains three arguments. Its predication can be written as JOHN, BOOK, MARY (GIVE).

【 】 “I have never seen the man before” is a typical example of the class of expressives.

【 】 Prefixes are added to the beginning of stems; they modify the meaning of the stem, but do not change the part of speech of the original word.

【 】 A dental sound is produced when the tip of the tongue is brought into contact with the upper teeth to create the obstruction. The dental sounds in English are [],[e].

The c period hypothesis can be supported with the view that there is considerable cerebral plasticity in the brains of young children. Thus, if a child does not acquire language during this period, for any one of a number of reasons, such as deprivation of environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.

【 】 The distinction between competence and performance proposed by Chomsky is similar to Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole.

Formal i occurs in classroom when attempts are made to raise learners’ consciousness about the nature of target language rules in order to aid learning.

U meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context.

Semantic s is a process of semantic change in which a word loses its former meaning and acquires a new, sometimes related meaning. For example, the word “silly” used to mean happy or na?ve, but now means foolish.

Speakers of an e dialect like Black English always regard the language they speak as the major symbol of their socio-cultural identity. Asking them to change their customary language patterns is asking them to take on a new identity.

The relationship between the words in such pairs as “buy” and “by,” “stationary” and“stationery” can be labeled as h .

The A Condition on Case assignment states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay next to each other.

I morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.

Chomsky defines c as the ideal speaker’s knowledge of the rules of his language.

An a sound is produced when the tip of the tongue is brought into contact with the upper teeth-ridge to create the obstruction.

Generally speaking, the ______ stage of first language acquisition begins roughly in the second half of the child’s second year.

In many cultures, words relating to sex, sex organs, and natural bodily functions make up a larger part of ______ vocabulary.

It has been proposed that brain activity would follow a definite pattern. When we speak, words are drawn from ______ and sent to ______ , which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.

Semantically, the sentence “I regret stepping on your book” ______ the sentence “I stepped on your book.”

According to John Austin’s speech act theory, a(n) ______ act is the act performed by saying something.

All the following words except ______ are the examples which can be used to illustrate semantic narrowing.

In terms of place of articulation, the two English consonants[f],[v]are ______.

A syntactic category can be each of the following except a ______.

According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word “conceivable” should be regarded as a ______.

Language is a complicated entity with multiple layers and facets on which there came different branches of study in different times. Of the following four branches, ______ came latest in the family of linguistics.